Exam question 4 · How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in Britain?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, adopt · To what, where: adoption, Gregorian calendar

This is exam question 4 of lesson 116 «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 adoption	det
10	adoption	adoption	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 calendar	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 calendar	det
13	Gregorian	gregorian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 calendar	amod
14	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 adoption	nmod
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 Britain	case
16	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 calendar	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in Britain	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	adopt		the Gregorian calendar in Britain		nom adoption «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It has not yet occurred, Britain retaining the Julian calendar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 occurred	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 occurred	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 occurred	advmod
4	yet	yet	ADV	_	5 occurred	advmod
5	occurred	occur	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 Britain	punct
7	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 occurred	obl
8	retaining	retain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 occurred	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 calendar	det
10	Julian	Julian	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 calendar	compound
11	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 retaining	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not occur	present · perfect · passive		It			yet	Britain obl	tree rules
2	retain	gerund		the Julian calendar					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It occurred in 1752, whereupon 2 September was followed by 14 September

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 occurred	nsubj
2	occurred	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 1752	case
4	1752	1752	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 occurred	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 followed	punct
6	whereupon	whereupon	ADV	PronType=Int	10 followed	advmod
7	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 September	nummod
8	September	September	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 followed	nsubj:pass
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 followed	aux:pass
10	followed	follow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 occurred	parataxis
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 14	case
12	14	14	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 followed	obl
13	September	September	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 14	nmod:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	past	It			1752			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in 1752=Location
2	follow	past · passive		2 September				by 14 September; whereupon property	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme by 14=Trajectory

Option 3

It occurred in 1918, whereupon thirteen dates were omitted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 occurred	nsubj
2	occurred	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 1918	case
4	1918	1918	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 occurred	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 omitted	punct
6	whereupon	whereupon	ADV	PronType=Int	10 omitted	advmod
7	thirteen	thirteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 dates	nummod
8	dates	date	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 omitted	nsubj
9	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 omitted	aux:pass
10	omitted	omit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 occurred	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	past	It			1918			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in 1918=Location
2	omit	past · passive		thirteen dates				whereupon property	vn exclude-107.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

It occurred in 1582, at which time 4 October was followed by 15 October

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 occurred	nsubj
2	occurred	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 1582	case
4	1582	1582	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 occurred	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 followed	punct
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 time	case
7	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	8 time	det
8	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 followed	obl
9	4	4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 time	flat
10	October	October	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 followed	nsubj:pass
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 followed	aux:pass
12	followed	follow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 occurred	parataxis
13	by	by	ADP	_	15 October	case
14	15	15	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 October	nummod
15	October	October	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 followed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	past	It			1582			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in 1582=Location
2	follow	past · passive		October			october; time		vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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