Exam question 3 · How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the reform promulgated in 1582.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, promulgate · To what, where: response, reform, 1582

This is exam question 3 of lesson 116 «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 reform	det
11	reform	reform	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	promulgated	promulgate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 reform	acl
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 1582	case
14	1582	1582	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 promulgated	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the reform			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus reform=Experiencer
4	promulgate speech: other	participle		the reform not said here	1582		vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ten dates were omitted, and century years became leap years only if divisible by 400

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 dates	nummod
2	dates	date	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 omitted	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 omitted	aux:pass
4	omitted	omit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 became	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 became	cc
7	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 years	compound
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 became	nsubj
9	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 omitted	conj
10	leap	leap	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 years	compound
11	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 became	xcomp
12	only	only	ADV	_	14 divisible	advmod
13	if	if	SCONJ	_	14 divisible	mark
14	divisible	divisible	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 became	xcomp
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 400	case
16	400	400	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 omitted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	omit	past · passive		Ten dates				by 400	vn exclude-107.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	become	past	century years	leap years					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Eleven dates were omitted, and leap years were abolished entirely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Eleven	eleven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 dates	nummod
2	dates	date	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 omitted	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 omitted	aux:pass
4	omitted	omit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 leap	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 leap	cc
7	leap	leap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 omitted	advcl
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 abolished	nsubj
9	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 abolished	aux:pass
10	abolished	abolish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 leap	ccomp
11	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	10 abolished	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	omit	past · passive	Eleven dates		vn exclude-107.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	leap	infinitive			tree rules
3	abolish	past · passive	years	entirely property	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

Ten dates were added, and every year became 366 days

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 dates	nummod
2	dates	date	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 added	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 added	aux:pass
4	added	add	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 became	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 became	cc
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 year	det
8	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 became	nsubj
9	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 added	conj
10	366	366	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 days	nummod
11	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 became	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	past · passive		Ten dates					vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	become	past	every year	366 days					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 4

The year was thereafter commenced in the month of March

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 year	det
2	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 commenced	obl:unmarked
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 commenced	aux:pass
4	thereafter	thereafter	ADV	_	5 commenced	advmod
5	commenced	commence	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 month	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 month	det
8	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 commenced	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 March	case
10	March	March	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 month	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	commence	past · passive					month; year	thereafter property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/e3/