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Test 10 · ★ · How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope…

A cartoon says Pope Gregory invented leap years. Put it right.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cartoon, Pope, you · What happens: say, invent, put · To what, where: it · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 116 «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon says Pope Gregory invented leap years.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Pope	Pope	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 invented	nsubj
5	Gregory	Gregory	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Pope	flat
6	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
7	leap	leap	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 years	compound
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 invented	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a cartoon						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	invent	past	Pope				year		vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Put it right.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Put	obj
3	right	right	ADV	_	1 Put	advmod
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	imperative	you not said here	it				right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Leap years were invented in 1752 by the British king

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leap	leap	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 years	compound
2	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 invented	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 invented	aux:pass
4	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 1752	case
6	1752	1752	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 invented	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	10 king	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 king	det
9	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 king	amod
10	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive	the British king	Leap years		1752			vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Caesar's calendar already had them; Gregory changed the rule for century years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Caesar	Caesar	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 calendar	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Caesar	case
3	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 had	nsubj
4	already	already	ADV	_	5 had	advmod
5	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 had	obj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 changed	punct
8	Gregory	Gregory	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 changed	nsubj
9	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 had	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 rule	det
11	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 changed	obj
12	for	for	ADP	_	14 years	case
13	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 years	compound
14	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 changed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Caesar's calendar	them = they					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
2	change	past	Gregory	the rule			year		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient

Option 3

Gregory got rid of leap years altogether

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gregory	gregory	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 got	nsubj
2	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rid	rid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 got	xcomp
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 years	case
5	leap	leap	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 years	compound
6	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 rid	obl
7	altogether	altogether	ADV	_	2 got	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	past	Gregory					altogether, rid property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Leap years were invented in Ukraine in 1918

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leap	leap	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 years	compound
2	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 invented	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 invented	aux:pass
4	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Ukraine	case
6	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 invented	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 1918	case
8	1918	1918	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive		Leap years		Ukraine		in 1918	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/t10/