Test 11 · Day and night, shadows and sundials
Kofi's dad: "Up at sparrow's, mate, no whinging." ("Whinging" means moaning.) Kofi: "What's a sparrow got to do with it?" Best answer?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Whinging, sparrow · What happens: mean, moan, be, do
This is test 11 of lesson 118 «Day and night, shadows and sundials» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Kofi's dad: "Up at sparrow's, mate, no whinging."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kofi | Kofi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 dad | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Kofi | case |
| 3 | dad | dad | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 Up | punct |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 Up | punct |
| 6 | Up | up | ADV | _ | 3 dad | acl:relcl |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 sparrow | case |
| 8 | sparrow | sparrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Up | obl |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 sparrow | case |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 mate | punct |
| 11 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dad | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 whinging | punct |
| 13 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 14 whinging | det |
| 14 | whinging | whinging | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dad | appos |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 whinging | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 whinging | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: ("Whinging" means moaning.)
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| 2 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 Whinging | punct |
| 3 | Whinging | Whinging | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 means | nsubj |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 Whinging | punct |
| 5 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | moaning | moan | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 means | xcomp |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| 8 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Whinging | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | moan not said to happen | gerund | Whinging not said here | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Sentence 3: Kofi: "What's a sparrow got to do with it?"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kofi | Kofi | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 got | punct |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 got | punct |
| 4 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 8 got | obj |
| 5 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 got | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 sparrow | det |
| 7 | sparrow | sparrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 got | nsubj |
| 8 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Kofi | acl:relcl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 do | mark |
| 10 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 got | xcomp |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 it | case |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 do | obl |
| 13 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Kofi | punct |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 Kofi | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | a sparrow | get property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | do in a quote | to-infinitive | a sparrow not said here | with sparrow | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Sentence 4: Best answer?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 2 answer | amod |
| 2 | answer | answer | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 answer | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
It means sleeping in late like a lazy bird
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 means | nsubj |
| 2 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | sleeping | sleep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 means | xcomp |
| 4 | in | in | ADV | _ | 3 sleeping | advmod |
| 5 | late | late | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 sleeping | advmod |
| 6 | like | like | ADP | _ | 9 bird | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 bird | det |
| 8 | lazy | lazy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 bird | amod |
| 9 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sleeping | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | It | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | sleep in not said to happen | gerund | like a lazy bird; late property | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
It means feeding the sparrows before school
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 means | nsubj |
| 2 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | feeding | feed | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 means | xcomp |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 sparrows | det |
| 5 | sparrows | sparrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 feeding | obj |
| 6 | before | before | ADP | _ | 7 school | case |
| 7 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 feeding | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | It | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | feed not said to happen | gerund | the sparrows | before school | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sparrow=Recipient |
Option 3
It means getting up as soon as a sparrow lands on your roof
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 means | nsubj |
| 2 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | getting | get | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 means | xcomp |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 getting | compound:prt |
| 5 | as | as | ADV | _ | 6 soon | advmod |
| 6 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 getting | advmod |
| 7 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 lands | mark |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 sparrow | det |
| 9 | sparrow | sparrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lands | nsubj |
| 10 | lands | land | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 soon | advcl |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 roof | case |
| 12 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 roof | nmod:poss |
| 13 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lands | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | It | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | get up not said to happen | gerund | soon property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | land | present | a sparrow | your roof | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on roof=Destination |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
"Sparrow's" means first light, when birds start to sing
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sparrow | punct |
| 2 | Sparrow | Sparrow | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 means | nsubj |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 Sparrow | case |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sparrow | punct |
| 5 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 7 light | amod |
| 7 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 means | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 start | punct |
| 9 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 start | advmod |
| 10 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 start | nsubj |
| 11 | start | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 means | parataxis |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 sing | mark |
| 13 | sing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 start | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Sparrow | first light | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Topic | ||||
| 2 | start | present | birds | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | sing speech: express | to-infinitive | birds not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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