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Test 2 · Melting, freezing and boiling

An ice lolly is left in the sunshine. What happens and why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: leave, happen · To what, where: ice lolly, sunshine

This is test 2 of lesson 12 «Melting, freezing and boiling» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: An ice lolly is left in the sunshine.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 lolly	det
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lolly	compound
3	lolly	lolly	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 left	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 left	aux:pass
5	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 sunshine	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sunshine	det
8	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 left	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 left	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	present · passive		a ice lolly		the sunshine			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in sunshine=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What happens and why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 happens	nsubj
2	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 why	cc
4	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 happens	conj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 happens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It turns straight into a gas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 turns	nsubj
2	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	straight	straight	ADV	_	2 turns	advmod
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 gas	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 gas	det
6	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	It			a gas		straight property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into gas=Trajectory

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It melts because it takes in heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 melts	nsubj
2	melts	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	5 takes	mark
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 takes	nsubj
5	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 melts	advcl
6	in	in	ADP	_	5 takes	compound:prt
7	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 takes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	present	It						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	take in	present	it	heat					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme

Option 3

It freezes harder in the bright light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 freezes	nsubj
2	freezes	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	harder	hard	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 freezes	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 light	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 light	det
6	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 light	amod
7	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 freezes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	present	It			the bright light		hard property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

It boils because the Sun is hot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 boils	nsubj
2	boils	boil	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 hot	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Sun	det
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 hot	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hot	cop
7	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 boils	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	boil	present	It						vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	is	present	the Sun					hot property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/12-melting-freezing-boiling/t2/