Test 4 · ★★ · Time zones: why it's night in Sydney when it's day in London Ivan: "I landed before I took off, I'm a time traveller, no cap!" ("No cap" means honestly.) What really happened?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: I, cap · What happens: land, take off, be, mean, happen · To what, where: Ivan, time traveller
This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 120 «Time zones: why it's night in Sydney when it's day in London» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Ivan: "I landed before I took off, I'm a time traveller, no cap!"
punct punct nsubj acl:relcl mark nsubj advcl compound:prt punct nsubj cop det compound appos punct det appos punct punct root Ivan PROPN : PUNCT " PUNCT I PRON landed VERB before SCONJ I PRON took VERB off ADP , PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX a DET time NOUN traveller NOUN , PUNCT no DET cap NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ivan Ivan PROPN Number=Sing root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 5 landed punct 3 " " PUNCT _ 5 landed punct 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 landed nsubj 5 landed land VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Ivan acl:relcl 6 before before SCONJ _ 8 took mark 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 took nsubj 8 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 landed advcl 9 off off ADP _ 8 took compound:prt 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 traveller punct 11 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 traveller nsubj 12 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 traveller cop 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 traveller det 14 time time NOUN Number=Sing 15 traveller compound 15 traveller traveller NOUN Number=Sing 1 Ivan appos 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 cap punct 17 no no DET PronType=Neg 18 cap det 18 cap cap NOUN Number=Sing 1 Ivan appos 19 ! ! PUNCT _ 18 cap punct 20 " " PUNCT _ 18 cap punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 land in a quote past I Ivan not said here vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent ivan=Theme 2 take off in a quote past I vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 is a in a quote present I a time traveller tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("No cap" means honestly.)
punct punct det nsubj punct advmod punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT No DET cap NOUN " PUNCT means VERB honestly ADV . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 4 cap punct 3 No no DET PronType=Neg 4 cap det 4 cap cap NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 cap punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 honestly honestly ADV _ 6 means advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present no cap honestly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: What really happened?
nsubj advmod punct root What PRON really ADV happened VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 happened nsubj 2 really really ADV _ 3 happened advmod 3 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 happened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice His watch broke over the ocean and started running backwards in time
nmod:poss nsubj case det obl cc conj xcomp advmod case obl root His PRON watch NOUN broke VERB over ADP the DET ocean NOUN and CCONJ started VERB running VERB backwards ADV in ADP time NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 watch nmod:poss 2 watch watch NOUN Number=Sing 3 broke nsubj 3 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADP _ 6 ocean case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ocean det 6 ocean ocean NOUN Number=Sing 3 broke obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 started cc 8 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 broke conj 9 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 started xcomp 10 backwards backwards ADV _ 9 running advmod 11 in in ADP _ 12 time case 12 time time NOUN Number=Sing 9 running obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past His watch the ocean vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over ocean=Location 2 start past His watch not said here vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 run gerund His watch not said here time backwards property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer He crossed the date line going east, and the date went back a day
The tree, 14 words nsubj det compound obj advcl advmod punct cc det nsubj parataxis advmod det obl:unmarked root He PRON crossed VERB the DET date NOUN line NOUN going VERB east ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET date NOUN went VERB back ADV a DET day NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 crossed nsubj 2 crossed cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 line det 4 date date NOUN Number=Sing 5 line compound 5 line line NOUN Number=Sing 2 crossed obj 6 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 crossed advcl 7 east east ADV _ 6 going advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 went punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 12 went cc 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 date det 11 date date NOUN Number=Sing 12 went nsubj 12 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 crossed parataxis 13 back back ADV _ 12 went advmod 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 day det 15 day day NOUN Number=Sing 12 went obl:unmarked
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cross past He the date line vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Patient 2 go gerund He not said here east property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 go back past the date day vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient
Option 3 The plane flew faster than time itself, so it arrived before leaving
det nsubj advmod case obl nmod:unmarked punct advmod nsubj conj mark advcl root The DET plane NOUN flew VERB faster ADV than ADP time NOUN itself PRON , PUNCT so ADV it PRON arrived VERB before SCONJ leaving VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plane det 2 plane plane NOUN Number=Sing 3 flew nsubj 3 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 faster fast ADV Degree=Cmp 3 flew advmod 5 than than ADP _ 6 time case 6 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 faster obl 7 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes 6 time nmod:unmarked 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 arrived punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 arrived advmod 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 arrived nsubj 11 arrived arrive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 flew conj 12 before before SCONJ _ 13 leaving mark 13 leaving leave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 arrived advcl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly past the plane fast property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 arrive past plane vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 leave gerund plane not said here vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 4 He flew for minus fourteen hours, which planes can do over the ocean
nsubj case advmod nummod obl punct obj nsubj aux acl:relcl case det obl root He PRON flew VERB for ADP minus ADV fourteen NUM hours NOUN , PUNCT which PRON planes NOUN can AUX do VERB over ADP the DET ocean NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 flew nsubj 2 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 6 hours case 4 minus minus ADV _ 5 fourteen advmod 5 fourteen fourteen NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 hours nummod 6 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 2 flew obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 do punct 8 which which PRON PronType=Rel 11 do obj 9 planes plane NOUN Number=Plur 11 do nsubj 10 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 do aux 11 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 hours acl:relcl 12 over over ADP _ 14 ocean case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 ocean det 14 ocean ocean NOUN Number=Sing 2 flew obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly past He the ocean hour vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent over ocean=Location 2 do can planes fourteen hours vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Eventuality
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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