Test 2 · ★ · Evaporation and condensation

Why does breathing on a cold window make a foggy patch?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: breathing · What happens: breathe, make · To what, where: cold window, foggy patch

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 13 «Evaporation and condensation» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 breathing	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 breathing	aux
3	breathing	breathe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 make	csubj
4	on	on	ADP	_	7 window	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 window	det
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 window	amod
7	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 breathing	obl
8	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 patch	det
10	foggy	foggy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 patch	amod
11	patch	patch	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 make	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present · do-support				a cold window			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Agent on window=Destination
2	make	present	breathing	a foggy patch					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset patch=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Your breath carries dust that sticks to the glass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 breath	nmod:poss
2	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carries	nsubj
3	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carries	obj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 sticks	nsubj
6	sticks	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dust	acl:relcl
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 glass	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 glass	det
9	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sticks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present	Your breath	dust					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dust=Theme
2	stick	present	dust					to the glass	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to glass=Co-Patient

Option 2

Your breath turns into ice crystals at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 breath	nmod:poss
2	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turns	nsubj
3	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 crystals	case
5	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 crystals	compound
6	crystals	crystal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 turns	obl
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 once	case
8	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 turns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	Your breath			ice crystals			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into crystal=Source at once=Trajectory

Option 3

Carbon dioxide turns white on the glass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dioxide	compound
2	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turns	nsubj
3	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 turns	xcomp
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 glass	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 glass	det
7	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	Carbon dioxide			the glass		white property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on glass=Trajectory

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The vapour in your breath condenses on the cold glass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 vapour	det
2	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 condenses	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 breath	case
4	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 breath	nmod:poss
5	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 vapour	nmod
6	condenses	condense	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	on	on	ADP	_	10 glass	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 glass	det
9	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 glass	amod
10	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 condenses	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	condense	present	the vapour in your breath			the cold glass			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/13-evaporation-condensation/t2/