Exam question 2 · The water cycle

Which of the following is designated by the term transpiration?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: following · What happens: follow, designate

This is exam question 2 of lesson 14 «The water cycle» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 designated	csubj:pass
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 designated	aux:pass
6	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	10 transpiration	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 transpiration	det
9	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 transpiration	compound
10	transpiration	transpiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 designated	obl
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 designated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	designate	present · passive	following					by the term transpiration	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The emission of water vapour from the leaves of plants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 emission	det
2	emission	emission	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 vapour	nmod:poss
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 water	case
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 emission	nmod
5	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 leaves	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 leaves	det
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 vapour	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 plants	case
10	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 leaves	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit			water					nom emission «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The descent of rain upon the land

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 descent	det
2	descent	descent	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 rain	case
4	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 descent	nmod
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 land	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 land	det
7	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 descent	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend		rain					upon the land	nom descent «event intransitive»: of=agent upon=obl

Option 3

The absorption of rainwater into the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 absorption	det
2	absorption	absorption	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 rainwater	case
4	rainwater	rainwater	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absorption	nmod
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 ground	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ground	det
7	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absorption	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb			rainwater		the ground			nom absorption «process transitive»: of=patient into=place

Option 4

The freezing of water within glaciers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 freezing	det
2	freezing	freezing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 water	case
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 freezing	nmod
5	within	within	ADP	_	6 glaciers	case
6	glaciers	glacier	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 freezing	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze		water					within glaciers	nom freezing «process intransitive»: of=agent within=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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