Exam question 3 · "It worked once": one example is not all

Which of the following most accurately characterises the derivation of a universal rule from one instance?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: derivation

This is exam question 3 of lesson 164 «"It worked once": one example is not all» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 derivation	det
9	derivation	derivation	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 rule	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 rule	det
12	universal	universal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 rule	amod
13	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 derivation	nmod
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 instance	case
15	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 instance	nummod
16	instance	instance	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 rule	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the derivation of a universal rule from one instance				accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A controlled experiment

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 experiment	det
2	controlled	control	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 experiment	amod
3	experiment	experiment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	control	participle							vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A hasty generalisation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 generalisation	det
2	hasty	hasty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 generalisation	amod
3	generalisation	generalisation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

A definition

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 definition	det
2	definition	definition	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

A survey of many cases

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 survey	det
2	survey	survey	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 cases	case
4	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cases	amod
5	cases	case	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 survey	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	survey			many cases					nom survey «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/164-it-worked-once-one-example-is-not-all/e3/