Test 2 · "I'm due a win": the gambler's fallacy
Brother: "Statistically you're due some practice, sis." What is he saying?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, he · What happens: be, say · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 2 of lesson 171 «"I'm due a win": the gambler's fallacy» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Brother: "Statistically you're due some practice, sis."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 practice | punct |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 due | punct |
| 4 | Statistically | statistically | ADV | _ | 7 due | advmod |
| 5 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 due | nsubj |
| 6 | 're | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 due | cop |
| 7 | due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 9 practice | amod |
| 8 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 9 practice | det |
| 9 | practice | practice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Brother | appos |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 sis | punct |
| 11 | sis | sis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 practice | conj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 practice | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 practice | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | you | due, statistically property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is he saying?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 saying | obj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 saying | aux |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 saying | nsubj |
| 4 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 saying | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present · progressive | he | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Losing doesn't make a win due; practice would help
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Losing | lose | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 make | csubj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 make | aux |
| 3 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 make | advmod |
| 4 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 win | det |
| 6 | win | win | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 make | obj |
| 7 | due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 make | xcomp |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 4 make | punct |
| 9 | practice | practice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 help | nsubj |
| 10 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 help | aux |
| 11 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 make | parataxis |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lose | gerund | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | not make | present · do-support | Losing | a win | due property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset win=Product | |||
| 3 | help | would | practice | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
She should stop playing forever
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 stop | nsubj |
| 2 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 stop | aux |
| 3 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | playing | play | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 stop | xcomp |
| 5 | forever | forever | ADV | _ | 4 playing | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stop | should | She | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | play | gerund | She not said here | forever property | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 3
Statistics prove that the game is unfair and her brother is cheating
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Statistics | statistic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 prove | nsubj |
| 2 | prove | prove | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 unfair | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 game | det |
| 5 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 unfair | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 unfair | cop |
| 7 | unfair | unfair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 prove | ccomp |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 cheating | cc |
| 9 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 brother | nmod:poss |
| 10 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 cheating | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 cheating | aux |
| 12 | cheating | cheat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 unfair | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | prove | present | Statistics | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | present | the game | unfair property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | cheat | present · progressive | her brother | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 4
She is due a win next race
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 due | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 due | cop |
| 3 | due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 win | det |
| 5 | win | win | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 due | conj |
| 6 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 race | amod |
| 7 | race | race | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 win | appos |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | She | due property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/171-im-due-a-win-the-gamblers-fallacy/t2/