Test 9 · "I'm due a win": the gambler's fallacy
Teammate: "We're not due a loss, Lily, we just know stuff. Calm down, Nostradamus." Why "Nostradamus"?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: We, you · What happens: not be, know, calm down · To what, where: stuff, Nostradamus
This is test 9 of lesson 171 «"I'm due a win": the gambler's fallacy» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Teammate: "We're not due a loss, Lily, we just know stuff.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Teammate | teammate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 loss | nsubj |
| 2 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 loss | punct |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 due | punct |
| 4 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 due | nsubj |
| 5 | 're | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 due | cop |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 due | advmod |
| 7 | due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 9 loss | amod |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 loss | det |
| 9 | loss | loss | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Lily | punct |
| 11 | Lily | Lily | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 loss | appos |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 know | punct |
| 13 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 know | nsubj |
| 14 | just | just | ADV | _ | 15 know | advmod |
| 15 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 loss | parataxis |
| 16 | stuff | stuff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 know | obj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 loss | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is in a quote | present | We | due property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | know in a quote | present | we | stuff | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer stuff=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Calm down, Nostradamus."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Calm | calm | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | down | down | ADP | _ | 1 Calm | compound:prt |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 Nostradamus | punct |
| 4 | Nostradamus | Nostradamus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Calm | obl |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Calm | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 Calm | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | calm down | imperative | you not said here | Nostradamus | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Sentence 3: Why "Nostradamus"?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 Nostradamus | punct |
| 3 | Nostradamus | Nostradamus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Why | appos |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 Nostradamus | punct |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Why | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
It is just a fancy old way of saying "very clever"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 way | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 way | cop |
| 3 | just | just | ADV | _ | 7 way | advmod |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 way | det |
| 5 | fancy | fancy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 way | amod |
| 6 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 way | amod |
| 7 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 9 saying | mark |
| 9 | saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 way | acl |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 clever | punct |
| 11 | very | very | ADV | _ | 12 clever | advmod |
| 12 | clever | clever | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 saying | ccomp |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 clever | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a fancy old way | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | a fancy old way not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
She was acting as if she could see the future
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 acting | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 acting | aux |
| 3 | acting | act | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 8 see | mark |
| 5 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 8 see | mark |
| 6 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 see | nsubj |
| 7 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 see | aux |
| 8 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 acting | advcl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 future | det |
| 10 | future | future | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 see | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | act | past · progressive | She | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | see | could | she | the future | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer future=Stimulus |
Option 3
She is very good at history and old French names
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 good | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 good | cop |
| 3 | very | very | ADV | _ | 4 good | advmod |
| 4 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 history | case |
| 6 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 good | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 names | cc |
| 8 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 names | amod |
| 9 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 names | amod |
| 10 | names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 good | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | She | history | good property | tree rules |
Option 4
It's the name of the quiz they were all playing
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 name | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 name | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 name | det |
| 4 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 quiz | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 quiz | det |
| 7 | quiz | quiz | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 name | nmod |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 playing | nsubj |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 playing | aux |
| 10 | all | all | ADV | _ | 11 playing | advmod |
| 11 | playing | play | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 quiz | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | the name | of the quiz | tree rules | |||
| 2 | play | past · progressive | they | the quiz not said here | all property | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quiz=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/171-im-due-a-win-the-gamblers-fallacy/t9/