Exam question 1 · "The game is rigged because I lost"

Identify the principal error in concluding that a game is rigged on the ground that one has lost it.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, conclude, rig, lose · To what, where: principal error, game, ground

This is exam question 1 of lesson 173 «"The game is rigged because I lost"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 error	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 error	amod
4	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	in	in	SCONJ	_	6 concluding	mark
6	concluding	conclude	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Identify	advcl
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 rigged	mark
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 game	det
9	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 rigged	nsubj:pass
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 rigged	aux:pass
11	rigged	rig	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 concluding	ccomp
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 ground	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ground	det
14	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 rigged	obl
15	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 lost	nsubj:pass
16	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 lost	nsubj:pass
17	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 lost	aux
18	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 ground	acl:relcl
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 lost	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal error		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent error=Theme
2	conclude	gerund	you not said here			vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	rig	present · passive		a game	the ground	tree rules
4	lose	present · perfect · passive		the ground		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The game was insufficiently difficult

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 game	det
2	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 difficult	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 difficult	cop
4	insufficiently	insufficiently	ADV	_	5 difficult	advmod
5	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the game					difficult, insufficiently property	tree rules

Option 2

The opponent was too young

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 opponent	det
2	opponent	opponent	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 young	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 young	cop
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 young	advmod
5	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the opponent					young property	tree rules

Option 3

The match was played online

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 match	det
2	match	match	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 played	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 played	aux:pass
4	played	play	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	online	online	ADV	_	4 played	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play	past · passive		the match				online property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A loss is treated as proof of cheating without other evidence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 loss	det
2	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 treated	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 treated	aux:pass
4	treated	treat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	as	as	ADP	_	6 proof	case
6	proof	proof	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 treated	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 cheating	case
8	cheating	cheating	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 proof	nmod
9	without	without	ADP	_	11 evidence	case
10	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 evidence	amod
11	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 treated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	treat	present · passive		a loss				as proof of cheating; without other evidence	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme as proof=Attribute
2	proof			cheating					nom proof «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/173-the-game-is-rigged-because-i-lost/e1/