Exam question 4 · "The game is rigged because I lost"

Which of the following most accurately characterises two penalties awarded against a player in fifty matches?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, award · To what, where: two penalties, fifty matches

This is exam question 4 of lesson 173 «"The game is rigged because I lost"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 characterises	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 penalties	nummod
9	penalties	penalty	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 characterises	obj
10	awarded	award	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 penalties	acl
11	against	against	ADP	_	13 player	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 player	det
13	player	player	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 awarded	obl
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 matches	case
15	fifty	fifty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 matches	nummod
16	matches	match	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 awarded	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	two penalties		accurately property	tree rules
3	award	participle	two penalties not said here	fifty matches	against a player	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Conclusive evidence of a rigged game

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Conclusive	conclusive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 evidence	amod
2	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 game	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 game	det
5	rigged	rig	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 game	amod
6	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 evidence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rig	participle							tree rules
2	evidence			a rigged game					nom evidence «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

Evidence of a scripted referee

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 referee	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 referee	det
4	scripted	script	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 referee	amod
5	referee	referee	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Evidence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	script	participle							tree rules
2	evidence			a scripted referee					nom evidence «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A small number which does not justify the word "always"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 number	det
2	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 number	amod
3	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 justify	nsubj
5	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 justify	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 justify	advmod
7	justify	justify	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 number	acl:relcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 word	det
9	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 justify	obj
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 always	punct
11	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	7 justify	advmod
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 always	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not justify speech: other	present · do-support	a small number	the word				always property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic

Option 4

A majority of matches played

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 majority	det
2	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 matches	case
4	matches	match	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 majority	nmod
5	played	play	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 matches	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play	participle		matches not said here					vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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