Exam question 1 · "Crime is up, I saw it on the news"
Identify the principal reason for which persons who watch a great deal of news frequently overestimate the prevalence of crime.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, persons · What happens: identify, watch, overestimate, deal · To what, where: principal reason, great deal, prevalence, news
This is exam question 1 of lesson 177 «"Crime is up, I saw it on the news"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 which | case |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 overestimate | obl |
| 7 | persons | person | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 overestimate | nsubj |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 watch | nsubj |
| 9 | watch | watch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 persons | acl:relcl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 deal | det |
| 11 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 deal | amod |
| 12 | deal | deal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 watch | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 news | case |
| 14 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 deal | nmod |
| 15 | frequently | frequently | ADV | _ | 16 overestimate | advmod |
| 16 | overestimate | overestimate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 reason | acl:relcl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 prevalence | det |
| 18 | prevalence | prevalence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 overestimate | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 crime | case |
| 20 | crime | crime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 prevalence | nmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal reason | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | ||||
| 2 | watch | present | persons | a great deal of news | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deal=Theme | ||||
| 3 | overestimate | present | persons | the prevalence of crime | for the principal reason; frequently property | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent prevalence=Value | |||
| 4 | deal | news | nom deal «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Crime occurs predominantly at the hour at which the news is broadcast
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crime | crime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 occurs | nsubj |
| 2 | occurs | occur | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | predominantly | predominantly | ADV | _ | 2 occurs | advmod |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 hour | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 hour | det |
| 6 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 occurs | obl |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 which | case |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 broadcast | obl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 news | det |
| 10 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 broadcast | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 broadcast | aux:pass |
| 12 | broadcast | broadcast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 hour | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | occur | present | Crime | hour | predominantly property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | broadcast speech: other | present · passive | the news | at the hour | vn instr_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
Option 2
News broadcasts report only the crimes in the viewer's street
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | News | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 broadcasts | compound |
| 2 | broadcasts | broadcast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 report | nsubj |
| 3 | report | report | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 6 crimes | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 crimes | det |
| 6 | crimes | crime | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 report | obj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 street | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 viewer | det |
| 9 | viewer | viewer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 street | nmod:poss |
| 10 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 9 viewer | case |
| 11 | street | street | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 report | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | report | present | News broadcasts | the crimes | the viewer's street | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crime=Patient |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
The news selects unusual and alarming events from a very large area
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 news | det |
| 2 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 selects | nsubj |
| 3 | selects | select | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | unusual | unusual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 events | amod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 alarming | cc |
| 6 | alarming | alarming | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 unusual | conj |
| 7 | events | event | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 selects | obj |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 area | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 area | det |
| 10 | very | very | ADV | _ | 11 large | advmod |
| 11 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 area | amod |
| 12 | area | area | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 selects | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | select | present | the news | unusual events | a large area | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent event=Theme from area=Source |
Option 4
Official crime figures are not compiled by any authority
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Official | official | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 figures | amod |
| 2 | crime | crime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 figures | compound |
| 3 | figures | figure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 compiled | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 compiled | aux:pass |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 compiled | advmod |
| 6 | compiled | compile | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 authority | case |
| 8 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 9 authority | det |
| 9 | authority | authority | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 compiled | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not compile | present · passive | any authority | Official crime figures | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/177-crime-is-up-i-saw-it-on-the-news/e1/