Exam question 1 · "It's natural so it's healthy" and the miracle cure

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the claim that a substance is beneficial because it is natural?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: substance · What happens: follow, characteris, be · To what, where: claim

This is exam question 1 of lesson 179 «"It's natural so it's healthy" and the miracle cure» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 claim	det
10	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	that	that	SCONJ	_	15 beneficial	mark
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 substance	det
13	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 beneficial	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 beneficial	cop
15	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 claim	acl
16	because	because	SCONJ	_	19 natural	mark
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 natural	expl
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 natural	cop
19	natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 beneficial	advcl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the claim	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	is	present	a substance	the claim not said here	beneficial property	tree rules
4	is	present	a substance not said here		natural property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Natural origin guarantees a substance's effectiveness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 origin	amod
2	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 guarantees	nsubj
3	guarantees	guarantee	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 substance	det
5	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 effectiveness	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 substance	case
7	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 guarantees	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	guarantee	present	Natural origin	a substance's effectiveness					vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition effectiveness=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Natural origin does not establish safety, since many natural substances are poisonous

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 origin	amod
2	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 establish	nsubj
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 establish	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 establish	advmod
5	establish	establish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 establish	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 poisonous	punct
8	since	since	SCONJ	_	13 poisonous	mark
9	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 substances	amod
10	natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 substances	amod
11	substances	substance	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 poisonous	nsubj
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 poisonous	cop
13	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 establish	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not establish	present · do-support	Natural origin	safety					vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent safety=Patient
2	is	present	many natural substances					poisonous property	tree rules

Option 3

Only manufactured substances may cause harm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 manufactured	advmod
2	manufactured	manufacture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 substances	amod
3	substances	substance	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cause	nsubj
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 cause	aux
5	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cause	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	manufacture	participle							vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	cause	may	manufactured substances	harm					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition harm=Patient

Option 4

Natural substances are harmless in any quantity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 substances	amod
2	substances	substance	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 harmless	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 harmless	cop
4	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 quantity	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 quantity	det
7	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 harmless	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Natural substances			any quantity		harmless property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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