Test 2 · ★★ · Materials and their properties

Why do birds fluff out their feathers on a frosty day?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: birds · What happens: fluff out · To what, where: feathers

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 18 «Materials and their properties» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 fluff	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fluff	aux
3	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fluff	nsubj
4	fluff	fluff	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	out	out	ADP	_	4 fluff	compound:prt
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 feathers	nmod:poss
7	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fluff	obj
8	on	on	ADP	_	11 day	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 day	det
10	frosty	frosty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 day	amod
11	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fluff	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 fluff	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fluff out	present · do-support	birds	birds's feathers			day		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent feather=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

To make their feathers dry faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 make	mark
2	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 dry	advcl
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 feathers	nmod:poss
4	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	obj
5	dry	dry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 dry	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	to-infinitive		their feathers					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset feather=Product
2	dry	present						fast property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

To trap more air, which insulates them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 trap	mark
2	trap	trap	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 air	amod
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 trap	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 insulates	punct
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 insulates	nsubj
7	insulates	insulate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 air	acl:relcl
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 insulates	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trap	to-infinitive		more air					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient
2	insulate	present	more air	them = they					vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Destination

Option 3

To catch the warm wind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 catch	mark
2	catch	catch	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 wind	det
4	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 wind	amod
5	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 catch	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	to-infinitive		the warm wind					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Theme

Option 4

To let the cold air reach right down to their skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 let	mark
2	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 air	det
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 air	amod
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 let	obj
6	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 let	xcomp
7	right	right	ADV	_	8 down	advmod
8	down	down	ADV	_	6 reach	advmod
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 skin	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 skin	nmod:poss
11	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 down	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	to-infinitive		the cold air					tree rules
2	reach	infinitive	the cold air not said here					down property	vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/18-materials-and-properties/t2/