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Test 3 · ★★ · Materials and their properties

A ball of plasticine sinks, but the same plasticine pressed into a boat shape floats. Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: ball, same plasticine · What happens: sink, press, float · To what, where: same plasticine, boat shape

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 18 «Materials and their properties» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A ball of plasticine sinks, but the same plasticine pressed into a boat shape floats.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 ball	det
2	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sinks	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 plasticine	case
4	plasticine	plasticine	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ball	nmod
5	sinks	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 floats	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 floats	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 plasticine	det
9	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 plasticine	amod
10	plasticine	plasticine	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 floats	nsubj
11	pressed	press	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 plasticine	acl
12	into	into	ADP	_	15 shape	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 shape	det
14	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 shape	compound
15	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 pressed	obl
16	floats	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sinks	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 sinks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sink	present	a ball of plasticine						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	press	participle		the same plasticine not said here		a boat shape			vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent into shape=Trajectory
3	float	present	the same plasticine						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The boat shape pushes aside enough water to hold it up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 shape	det
2	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shape	compound
3	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pushes	nsubj
4	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	aside	aside	ADV	_	4 pushes	advmod
6	enough	enough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 water	amod
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pushes	obj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 hold	mark
9	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 pushes	advcl
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 hold	obj
11	up	up	ADP	_	9 hold	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	the boat shape	enough water				aside property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
2	hold up	to-infinitive	the boat shape not said here	water					vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Theme

Option 2

The water under the boat is warmer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 water	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 warmer	nsubj
3	under	under	ADP	_	5 boat	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 boat	det
5	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 water	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 warmer	cop
7	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the water under the boat					warm property	tree rules

Option 3

The plasticine became lighter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 plasticine	det
2	plasticine	plasticine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 became	nsubj
3	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 became	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	the plasticine					light property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Boats can only float on salty water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Boats	boat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 float	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 float	aux
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 float	advmod
4	float	float	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 water	case
6	salty	salty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 water	amod
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 float	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	can	Boats			salty water			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on water=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/18-materials-and-properties/t3/