Test 1 · ★ · Correlation is not cause: ice cream and sunburn Mia's brother: "So if I wear clown shoes I'll ace my reading test? Sick, I'm buying size 20." Why is it funny?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: I, my, size · What happens: wear, ace, test, buy, be · To what, where: clown shoes, reading test, size
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 180 «Correlation is not cause: ice cream and sunburn» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Mia's brother: "So if I wear clown shoes I'll ace my reading test?
nmod:poss case punct punct advmod mark nsubj advcl compound obj nsubj aux acl:relcl nmod:poss compound obj punct root Mia PROPN 's PART brother NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT So ADV if SCONJ I PRON wear VERB clown NOUN shoes NOUN I PRON 'll AUX ace VERB my PRON reading NOUN test NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing 3 brother nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Mia case 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 3 brother punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 14 ace punct 6 So so ADV _ 14 ace advmod 7 if if SCONJ _ 9 wear mark 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 wear nsubj 9 wear wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 ace advcl 10 clown clown NOUN Number=Sing 11 shoes compound 11 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 9 wear obj 12 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 14 ace nsubj 13 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 ace aux 14 ace ace VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 brother acl:relcl 15 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 test nmod:poss 16 reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 17 test compound 17 test test NOUN Number=Sing 14 ace obj 18 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 brother punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear a condition, not said to happen, in a quote present I clown shoes vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme 2 ace in a quote future I my reading test tree rules 3 test in a quote my nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Sick, I'm buying size 20."
vocative punct nsubj aux obj flat punct punct root Sick NOUN , PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX buying VERB size NOUN 20 NUM . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sick sick NOUN Number=Sing 5 buying vocative 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Sick punct 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 buying nsubj 4 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 buying aux 5 buying buy VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 size size NOUN Number=Sing 5 buying obj 7 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 size flat 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 buying punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 5 buying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy present · progressive I size Sick vocative vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent size=Theme
Sentence 3: Why is it funny?
advmod cop nsubj punct root Why ADV is AUX it PRON funny ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 4 funny advmod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 funny cop 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 funny nsubj 4 funny funny ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 funny punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present size funny property tree rules
The options Option 1 His reading test is mostly about clowns and shoes
nmod:poss compound nsubj cop advmod case cc conj root His PRON reading NOUN test NOUN is AUX mostly ADV about ADP clowns NOUN and CCONJ shoes NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 test nmod:poss 2 reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 3 test compound 3 test test NOUN Number=Sing 7 clowns nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 clowns cop 5 mostly mostly ADV _ 7 clowns advmod 6 about about ADP _ 7 clowns case 7 clowns clown NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 shoes cc 9 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 7 clowns conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present His reading test about clowns and shoes; mostly property tree rules 2 test His = he nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Option 2 Size 20 shoes are only ever sold to real clowns
nummod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod advmod ccomp case amod obl root Size VERB 20 NUM shoes NOUN are AUX only ADV ever ADV sold VERB to ADP real ADJ clowns NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Size size VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 shoes nummod 3 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 7 sold nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 sold aux:pass 5 only only ADV _ 7 sold advmod 6 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 7 sold advmod 7 sold sell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Size ccomp 8 to to ADP _ 10 clowns case 9 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 10 clowns amod 10 clowns clown NOUN Number=Plur 7 sold obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 size imperative you not said here tree rules 2 sell present · passive 20 shoes real clowns ever vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to clown=Recipient
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice Bigger shoes really do make you better at reading
amod nsubj advmod aux obj xcomp case obl root Bigger ADJ shoes NOUN really ADV do AUX make VERB you PRON better ADJ at ADP reading NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 shoes amod 2 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 5 make nsubj 3 really really ADV _ 5 make advmod 4 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 make aux 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 make obj 7 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 make xcomp 8 at at ADP _ 9 reading case 9 reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 7 better obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · do-support Bigger shoes you good property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material you=Product
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer Feet don't help reading; age causes both
nsubj aux advmod obj punct nsubj parataxis obj root Feet NOUN do AUX n't PART help VERB reading VERB ; PUNCT age NOUN causes VERB both DET The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Feet foot NOUN Number=Plur 4 help nsubj 2 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 help aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 help advmod 4 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 reading read VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 help obj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 causes punct 7 age age NOUN Number=Sing 8 causes nsubj 8 causes cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 help parataxis 9 both both DET PronType=Tot 8 causes obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not help present · do-support Feet vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 read gerund vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 cause present age both vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition both=Patient
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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