Test 12 · ★ · Correlation is not cause: ice cream and sunburn Your friend notices that whenever the school bell rings, everyone stands up. "The bell pushes us up!" What is the better explanation?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: friend, bell rings, bell, better explanation · What happens: notice, stand up, push up, be · To what, where: us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 180 «Correlation is not cause: ice cream and sunburn» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Your friend notices that whenever the school bell rings, everyone stands up. "
nmod:poss nsubj mark advmod det compound compound nsubj punct nsubj ccomp compound:prt punct punct root Your PRON friend NOUN notices VERB that SCONJ whenever ADV the DET school NOUN bell NOUN rings NOUN , PUNCT everyone PRON stands VERB up ADP . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 3 notices nsubj 3 notices notice VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 12 stands mark 5 whenever whenever ADV PronType=Rel 12 stands advmod 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 rings det 7 school school NOUN Number=Sing 8 bell compound 8 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 9 rings compound 9 rings ring NOUN Number=Plur 12 stands nsubj 10 , , PUNCT _ 9 rings punct 11 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 12 stands nsubj 12 stands stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 notices ccomp 13 up up ADP _ 12 stands compound:prt 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 notices punct 15 " " PUNCT _ 3 notices punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 notice present Your friend vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 stand up present the bell rings whenever property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: The bell pushes us up!"
det nsubj obj compound:prt punct punct root The DET bell NOUN pushes VERB us PRON up ADP ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bell det 2 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 3 pushes nsubj 3 pushes push VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 pushes obj 5 up up ADP _ 3 pushes compound:prt 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 pushes punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 pushes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 push up present the bell us vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme
Sentence 3: What is the better explanation?
cop det amod nsubj punct root What PRON is AUX the DET better ADJ explanation NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 What cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 explanation det 4 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 explanation amod 5 explanation explanation NOUN Number=Sing 1 What nsubj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the better explanation tree rules
The options Option 1 Bells and standing happen together by pure luck
nsubj cc conj advmod case amod obl root Bells NOUN and CCONJ standing VERB happen VERB together ADV by ADP pure ADJ luck NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bells bell NOUN Number=Plur 4 happen nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 standing cc 3 standing stand VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Bells conj 4 happen happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 together together ADV _ 4 happen advmod 6 by by ADP _ 8 luck case 7 pure pure ADJ Degree=Pos 8 luck amod 8 luck luck NOUN Number=Sing 4 happen obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand gerund Bells not said here vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 happen present Bells by pure luck; together property vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by luck=Location
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer The bell is a signal that it's time to go, so people choose to stand
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det mark nsubj cop conj mark acl punct advmod nsubj parataxis mark xcomp root The DET bell NOUN is AUX a DET signal NOUN that SCONJ it PRON 's AUX time NOUN to PART go VERB , PUNCT so ADV people NOUN choose VERB to PART stand VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bell det 2 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 5 signal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 signal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 signal det 5 signal signal NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that SCONJ _ 9 time mark 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 time nsubj 8 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 time cop 9 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 signal conj 10 to to PART _ 11 go mark 11 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 time acl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 choose punct 13 so so ADV _ 15 choose advmod 14 people people NOUN Number=Plur 15 choose nsubj 15 choose choose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 signal parataxis 16 to to PART _ 17 stand mark 17 stand stand VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 choose xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the bell a signal and time tree rules 2 is a present bell time tree rules 3 go to-infinitive the bell not said here vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 choose present people tree rules 5 stand to-infinitive people not said here vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Option 3 The bell's sound waves lift children out of chairs
det nmod:poss case compound nsubj obj case case obl root The DET bell NOUN 's PART sound NOUN waves NOUN lift VERB children NOUN out ADP of ADP chairs NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bell det 2 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 5 waves nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 bell case 4 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 5 waves compound 5 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 6 lift nsubj 6 lift lift VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 children child NOUN Number=Plur 6 lift obj 8 out out ADP _ 10 chairs case 9 of of ADP _ 10 chairs case 10 chairs chair NOUN Number=Plur 6 lift obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lift present the bell's sound waves children chairs vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent child=Theme out chair=Destination 2 wave the bell nom wave «event transitive»: poss=patient
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice Standing up makes the bell ring
csubj compound:prt det compound obj root Standing VERB up ADP makes VERB the DET bell NOUN ring NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Standing stand VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 makes csubj 2 up up ADP _ 1 Standing compound:prt 3 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ring det 5 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 6 ring compound 6 ring ring NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand up gerund vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 make present Standing the bell ring vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ring=Product
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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