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Test 6 · ★ · Correlation is not cause: ice cream and sunburn

Kai: "Lighters make you ill, no cap." His aunt: "A lighter's just a lighter, Kai." Who is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Lighters · What happens: make, be · To what, where: you

This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 180 «Correlation is not cause: ice cream and sunburn» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Kai: "Lighters make you ill, no cap."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kai	Kai	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 make	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 make	punct
4	Lighters	lighter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 make	nsubj
5	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Kai	parataxis
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 make	obj
7	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 make	xcomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 cap	punct
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 cap	det
10	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Kai	appos
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 cap	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 cap	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make in a quote	present	Lighters	you				ill property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material you=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: His aunt: "A lighter's just a lighter, Kai."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 aunt	nmod:poss
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	2 aunt	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 lighter	punct
5	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 lighter	det
6	lighter	lighter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lighter	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 lighter	case
8	just	just	ADV	_	10 lighter	advmod
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 lighter	det
10	lighter	lighter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 aunt	appos
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 Kai	punct
12	Kai	Kai	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 lighter	appos
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 lighter	punct
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 lighter	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 3: Who is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Neither; lung disease has no cause

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	ADV	_	5 has	advmod
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 has	punct
3	lung	lung	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 disease	compound
4	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 cause	det
7	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	lung disease	no cause				neither property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cause=Patient

Option 2

Kai; the gas in the lighter causes it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kai	Kai	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 causes	nsubj
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 causes	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 gas	det
4	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 causes	nsubj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 lighter	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 lighter	det
7	lighter	lighter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gas	nmod
8	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 causes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present	Kai	gas					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition it=Patient

Option 3

Both; lighters and smoking are equal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	3 lighters	det
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	1 Both	punct
3	lighters	lighter	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 equal	nsubj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 smoking	cc
5	smoking	smoking	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lighters	conj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 equal	cop
7	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	both lighters and smoking					equal property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

His aunt; smoking is the cause

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 aunt	nmod:poss
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cause	nsubj
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	2 aunt	punct
4	smoking	smoking	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 aunt	conj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 cause	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cause	det
7	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	His aunt and smoking	the cause					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/180-correlation-is-not-cause-ice-cream-and-sunburn/t6/