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Test 8 · ★ · Correlation is not cause: ice cream and sunburn

Aussie lifeguard: "It's hot, heaps of people swimming. Grab your togs, but the ice cream's not the danger, mate." What danger does he mean?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: lifeguard, people, you, ice cream, danger · What happens: be, swim, grab, not be, mean · To what, where: togs, danger

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 180 «Correlation is not cause: ice cream and sunburn» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Aussie lifeguard: "It's hot, heaps of people swimming.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Aussie	aussie	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lifeguard	compound
2	lifeguard	lifeguard	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 hot	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 hot	punct
5	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 hot	nsubj
6	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hot	cop
7	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 lifeguard	parataxis
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 heaps	punct
9	heaps	heap	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 hot	conj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 people	case
11	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 heaps	nmod
12	swimming	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 people	acl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 lifeguard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	lifeguard					hot property	tree rules
2	swim in a quote	gerund	people not said here						vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Grab your togs, but the ice cream's not the danger, mate."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grab	grab	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 togs	nmod:poss
3	togs	tog	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Grab	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 danger	punct
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	12 danger	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cream	det
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cream	compound
8	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 danger	nsubj
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 danger	cop
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 danger	advmod
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 danger	det
12	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Grab	parataxis
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 mate	punct
14	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 danger	vocative
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Grab	punct
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	1 Grab	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grab	imperative	you not said here	your togs					vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tog=Theme
2	not is a	present	the ice cream	the danger				mate vocative	tree rules

Sentence 3: What danger does he mean?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 mean	obj
2	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 mean	nsubj
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 mean	aux
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 mean	nsubj
5	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present · do-support	danger						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The sun melting the ice cream

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sun	det
2	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 melting	nsubj
3	melting	melt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cream	det
5	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cream	compound
6	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 melting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	gerund	the sun	the ice cream					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient cream=Result

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Swimming in deep water; swim where lifeguards are

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Swimming	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 swim	csubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 water	case
3	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 water	amod
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Swimming	obl
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 swim	punct
6	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	6 swim	ccomp
8	lifeguards	lifeguard	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 where	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 where	cop

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	gerund				deep water			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory
2	swim	imperative	you not said here						vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present	lifeguards					where property	tree rules

Option 3

Eating ice cream in hot weather, which gives you cramp

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Eating	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 gives	csubj
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cream	compound
3	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Eating	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 weather	case
5	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 weather	amod
6	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Eating	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 gives	punct
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 gives	nsubj
9	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 gives	iobj
11	cramp	cramp	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 gives	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	gerund		ice cream		hot weather			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cream=Patient
2	give	present		cramp	you				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient cramp=Theme

Option 4

Wearing togs in the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wearing	wear	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	togs	tog	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Wearing	obj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 sea	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sea	det
5	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Wearing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	gerund		togs		the sea			vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent tog=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/180-correlation-is-not-cause-ice-cream-and-sunburn/t8/