Test 9 · ★ · Correlation is not cause: ice cream and sunburn Mum: "Eat your breakfast, it makes you clever." Ruby: "I'm eating it. I'm not suddenly doing calculus." Which is fairest?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: breakfast, Ruby, I · What happens: eat, make, not do, be · To what, where: breakfast, you, calculus
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 180 «Correlation is not cause: ice cream and sunburn» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Mum: "Eat your breakfast, it makes you clever."
punct punct appos nmod:poss obj punct nsubj conj obj xcomp punct punct root Mum NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT Eat VERB your PRON breakfast NOUN , PUNCT it PRON makes VERB you PRON clever ADJ . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 4 Eat punct 3 " " PUNCT _ 4 Eat punct 4 Eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Mum appos 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 breakfast nmod:poss 6 breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 4 Eat obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 makes punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 makes nsubj 9 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 Eat conj 10 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 makes obj 11 clever clever ADJ Degree=Pos 9 makes xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 Eat punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 4 Eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat in a quote infinitive your breakfast vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breakfast=Patient 2 make in a quote present breakfast you clever property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material you=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ruby: "I'm eating it.
nsubj punct punct nsubj aux obj punct root Ruby PROPN : PUNCT " PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX eating VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 6 eating nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 6 eating punct 3 " " PUNCT _ 6 eating punct 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 eating nsubj 5 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 eating aux 6 eating eat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 eating obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 eating punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat in a quote present · progressive Ruby breakfast vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Sentence 3: I'm not suddenly doing calculus."
nsubj aux advmod advmod obj punct punct root I PRON 'm AUX not PART suddenly ADV doing VERB calculus NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 doing nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 doing aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 doing advmod 4 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 5 doing advmod 5 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 calculus calculus NOUN Number=Sing 5 doing obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 doing punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 5 doing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not do present · progressive I calculus suddenly property vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calculus=Eventuality
Sentence 4: Which is fairest?
nsubj cop punct root Which PRON is AUX fairest ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Which which PRON PronType=Rel 3 fairest nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 fairest cop 3 fairest fair ADJ Degree=Sup root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 fairest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present fair property tree rules
The options Option 1 Calculus is only for children who skip breakfast
nsubj cop advmod case nsubj acl:relcl obj root Calculus PROPN is AUX only ADV for ADP children NOUN who PRON skip VERB breakfast NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Calculus Calculus PROPN Number=Sing 5 children nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 children cop 3 only only ADV _ 5 children advmod 4 for for ADP _ 5 children case 5 children child NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 skip nsubj 7 skip skip VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 children acl:relcl 8 breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 7 skip obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Calculus for children tree rules 2 skip present children breakfast vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breakfast=Agent
Option 2 Breakfast has no effect on anyone at all
nsubj det obj case nmod case nmod root Breakfast NOUN has VERB no DET effect NOUN on ADP anyone PRON at ADP all DET The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 no no DET PronType=Neg 4 effect det 4 effect effect NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 5 on on ADP _ 6 anyone case 6 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 effect nmod 7 at at ADP _ 8 all case 8 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 anyone nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Breakfast no effect anyone vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient
Option 3 Breakfast turns every child into a genius
nsubj det obj case det obl root Breakfast NOUN turns VERB every DET child NOUN into ADP a DET genius NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 2 turns nsubj 2 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 every every DET PronType=Tot 4 child det 4 child child NOUN Number=Sing 2 turns obj 5 into into ADP _ 7 genius case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 genius det 7 genius genius NOUN Number=Sing 2 turns obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present Breakfast every child a genius vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent child=Theme into genius=Trajectory
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Breakfast probably helps you concentrate, but it isn't the whole story
nsubj advmod obj xcomp punct cc nsubj cop advmod det amod obl root Breakfast NOUN probably ADV helps VERB you PRON concentrate VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ it PRON is AUX n't PART the DET whole ADJ story NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 3 helps nsubj 2 probably probably ADV _ 3 helps advmod 3 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 helps obj 5 concentrate concentrate VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 helps xcomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 13 story punct 7 but but CCONJ _ 13 story cc 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 story nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 story cop 10 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 13 story advmod 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 story det 12 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 13 story amod 13 story story NOUN Number=Sing 3 helps obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Breakfast you probably property vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 concentrate infinitive you not said here vn focus-87.1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent 3 not is a present Breakfast the whole story tree rules
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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