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Test 10 · ★ · Correlation is not cause: ice cream and sunburn

Leo: "Ice cream causes sunburn, it's giving science." What is the better science?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Leo, cream, better science · What happens: cause, give, be · To what, where: sunburn, science

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 180 «Correlation is not cause: ice cream and sunburn» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Leo: "Ice cream causes sunburn, it's giving science."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 causes	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 causes	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 cream	punct
4	Ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cream	compound
5	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 causes	nsubj
6	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	sunburn	sunburn	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 causes	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 giving	punct
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 giving	nsubj
10	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 giving	aux
11	giving	give	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 causes	advcl
12	science	science	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 giving	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 giving	punct
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 giving	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause in a quote	present	Leo	sunburn					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition sunburn=Patient
2	give in a quote	present · progressive	cream	science					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent science=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the better science?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 science	det
4	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 science	amod
5	science	science	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the better science						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Sunburn is what makes people want ice cream

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sunburn	sunburn	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 what	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 what	cop
3	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
4	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 what	acl:relcl
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 makes	obj
6	want	want	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 makes	xcomp
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cream	compound
8	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 want	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Sunburn						tree rules
2	make	present		people					tree rules
3	want	infinitive	people not said here	ice cream					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot cream=Theme

Option 2

Eat ice cream only in winter to stay safe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cream	compound
3	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Eat	obj
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 winter	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 winter	case
6	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Eat	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 stay	mark
8	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Eat	advcl
9	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 stay	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	imperative	you not said here	ice cream			winter		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cream=Patient
2	stay	to-infinitive	you not said here					safe property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Look for a third thing, the sun, that causes both

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Look	look	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	for	for	ADP	_	5 thing	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 thing	det
4	third	third	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	5 thing	amod
5	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Look	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 sun	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sun	det
8	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 thing	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 causes	punct
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 causes	nsubj
11	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 thing	acl:relcl
12	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	1 Look	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	imperative	you not said here	both				for a third thing and the sun	vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for thing=Theme
2	cause	present	a third thing and the sun						vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition

Option 4

Stop eating ice cream altogether to avoid getting sunburn

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	eating	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Stop	xcomp
3	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cream	compound
4	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 eating	obj
5	altogether	altogether	ADV	_	2 eating	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 avoid	mark
7	avoid	avoid	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 eating	advcl
8	getting	get	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 avoid	xcomp
9	sunburn	sunburn	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 getting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	imperative	you not said here						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	eat	gerund	you not said here	ice cream				altogether property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cream=Patient
3	avoid	to-infinitive	you not said here						vn avoid-52 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	get	gerund	you not said here	sunburn					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sunburn=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/180-correlation-is-not-cause-ice-cream-and-sunburn/t10/