Exam question 4 · Some, all, none and "not all"

Ascertain whether a notice reading "No dogs allowed" applies to a puppy.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, notice · What happens: ascertain, read, allow, apply · To what, where: dogs · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 4 of lesson 185 «Some, all, none and "not all"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	11 applies	mark
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 notice	det
4	notice	notice	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 applies	nsubj
5	reading	read	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 notice	acl
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 allowed	punct
7	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 dogs	det
8	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 allowed	nsubj:pass
9	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 reading	ccomp
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 allowed	punct
11	applies	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Ascertain	advcl
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 puppy	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 puppy	det
14	puppy	puppy	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 applies	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here			vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	read	gerund	a notice not said here			vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	allow in a quote	participle · passive		no dogs		vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary
4	apply	present	a notice		to a puppy	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It does not apply, since a puppy is not a dog

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 apply	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 apply	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 apply	advmod
4	apply	apply	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 dog	punct
6	since	since	SCONJ	_	12 dog	mark
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 puppy	det
8	puppy	puppy	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dog	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 dog	cop
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 dog	advmod
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 dog	det
12	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 apply	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not apply	present · do-support	It						vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	not is a	present	a puppy	a dog					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It applies, since a puppy is a young dog

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 applies	nsubj
2	applies	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 dog	punct
4	since	since	SCONJ	_	10 dog	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 puppy	det
6	puppy	puppy	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dog	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 dog	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 dog	det
9	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 dog	amod
10	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 applies	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	present	It						vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	a puppy	a young dog					tree rules

Option 3

It applies only when the puppy is unaccompanied

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 applies	nsubj
2	applies	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	8 unaccompanied	advmod
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 unaccompanied	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 puppy	det
6	puppy	puppy	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 unaccompanied	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 unaccompanied	cop
8	unaccompanied	unaccompanied	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 applies	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	present	It						vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the puppy					unaccompanied property	tree rules

Option 4

It applies only to puppies of large breeds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 applies	nsubj
2	applies	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 puppies	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 puppies	case
5	puppies	puppy	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 applies	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 breeds	case
7	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 breeds	amod
8	breeds	breed	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 puppies	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	present	It					to puppies of large breeds	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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