Test 2 · "How do you know?" Mia: "Everyone says it, but did any astronaut say it? That's the question, innit." Why is her question better than "everyone says"?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Mia, astronaut, That, question · What happens: say, be · To what, where: it, question · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 2 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Mia: "Everyone says it, but did any astronaut say it?
nsubj punct punct nsubj obj punct cc aux det nsubj conj obj punct root Mia PROPN : PUNCT " PUNCT Everyone PRON says VERB it PRON , PUNCT but CCONJ did AUX any DET astronaut NOUN say VERB it PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing 5 says nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 5 says punct 3 " " PUNCT _ 5 says punct 4 Everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 5 says nsubj 5 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 says obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 say punct 8 but but CCONJ _ 12 say cc 9 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 say aux 10 any any DET PronType=Ind 11 astronaut det 11 astronaut astronaut NOUN Number=Sing 12 say nsubj 12 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 says conj 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 say obj 14 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert in a quote present Mia it vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic 2 say speech: assert in a quote past · do-support any astronaut it vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: That's the question, innit."
nsubj cop det punct conj punct punct root That PRON 's AUX the DET question NOUN , PUNCT innit NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 question nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 question cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 question det 4 question question NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 innit punct 6 innit innit NOUN Number=Sing 4 question conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 question punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 4 question punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present That the question and innit tree rules
Sentence 3: Why is her question better than "everyone says"?
advmod cop nmod:poss nsubj:outer advmod mark punct nsubj punct punct root Why ADV is AUX her PRON question NOUN better ADV than SCONJ " PUNCT everyone PRON says VERB " PUNCT ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 4 question advmod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 question cop 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 question nmod:poss 4 question question NOUN Number=Sing 9 says nsubj:outer 5 better well ADV Degree=Cmp 9 says advmod 6 than than SCONJ _ 9 says mark 7 " " PUNCT _ 9 says punct 8 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 9 says nsubj 9 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 " " PUNCT _ 9 says punct 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 9 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be speech: other present astronaut's question tree rules 2 say speech: assert in a quote present astronaut's question well property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice It asks which country built the Wall
nsubj det nsubj ccomp det obj root It PRON asks VERB which DET country NOUN built VERB the DET Wall NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 asks nsubj 2 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 which which DET PronType=Int 4 country det 4 country country NOUN Number=Sing 5 built nsubj 5 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 asks ccomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 Wall det 7 Wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 5 built obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask present It vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 build past which country the Wall vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wall=Product
Option 2 It asks how many people keep repeating the claim
nsubj advmod amod nsubj ccomp xcomp det obj root It PRON asks VERB how ADV many ADJ people NOUN keep VERB repeating VERB the DET claim NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 asks nsubj 2 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 4 many advmod 4 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 people amod 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 keep nsubj 6 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 asks ccomp 7 repeating repeat VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 keep xcomp 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 claim det 9 claim claim NOUN Number=Sing 7 repeating obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask present It vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 keep present many people tree rules 3 repeat gerund many people not said here the claim vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Eventuality
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer It asks for someone who actually looked
nsubj case obl nsubj advmod acl:relcl root It PRON asks VERB for ADP someone PRON who PRON actually ADV looked VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 asks nsubj 2 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 4 someone case 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 asks obl 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 looked nsubj 6 actually actually ADV _ 7 looked advmod 7 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 someone acl:relcl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask present It for someone vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 look past actually property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Option 4 It asks whether the Wall is popular
nsubj mark det nsubj cop ccomp root It PRON asks VERB whether SCONJ the DET Wall NOUN is AUX popular ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 asks nsubj 2 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 whether whether SCONJ _ 7 popular mark 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Wall det 5 Wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 7 popular nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 popular cop 7 popular popular ADJ Degree=Pos 2 asks ccomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask present It vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present the Wall popular property tree rules
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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