Test 3 · "How do you know?" Josh's friend: "Bro, my nan's dog can sit and give a paw. Is she the second smartest dog in the world?" What is the friend showing?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: friend, dog · What happens: sit, give, be, show · To what, where: paw, second smartest dog, world
This is test 3 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Josh's friend: "Bro, my nan's dog can sit and give a paw.
nmod:poss case nsubj punct punct conj punct nmod:poss nmod:poss case conj aux cc conj det obj punct root Josh PROPN 's PART friend NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT Bro NOUN , PUNCT my PRON nan NOUN 's PART dog NOUN can AUX sit VERB and CCONJ give VERB a DET paw NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Josh Josh PROPN Number=Sing 3 friend nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Josh case 3 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 13 sit nsubj 4 : : PUNCT _ 6 Bro punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 6 Bro punct 6 Bro bro NOUN Number=Sing 3 friend conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 dog punct 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 nan nmod:poss 9 nan nan NOUN Number=Sing 11 dog nmod:poss 10 's 's PART _ 9 nan case 11 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 friend conj 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 sit aux 13 sit sit VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 give cc 15 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 sit conj 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 paw det 17 paw paw NOUN Number=Sing 15 give obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 13 sit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit in a quote can Josh's friend and Bro and my nan's dog vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 give in a quote infinitive Josh's friend and Bro and my nan's dog not said here a paw vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paw=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Is she the second smartest dog in the world?"
cop nsubj det amod amod case det nmod punct punct root Is AUX she PRON the DET second ADJ smartest ADJ dog NOUN in ADP the DET world NOUN ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 dog cop 2 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 dog nsubj 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dog det 4 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 6 dog amod 5 smartest smart ADJ Degree=Sup 6 dog amod 6 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 in in ADP _ 9 world case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 world det 9 world world NOUN Number=Sing 6 dog nmod 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 dog punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 6 dog punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present dog the second smartest dog the world tree rules
Sentence 3: What is the friend showing?
obj aux det nsubj punct root What PRON is AUX the DET friend NOUN showing VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 5 showing obj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 showing aux 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 friend det 4 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 5 showing nsubj 5 showing show VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 showing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present · progressive the friend vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice All dogs are exactly as smart
det nsubj cop advmod case root All DET dogs NOUN are AUX exactly ADV as ADP smart ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 All all DET PronType=Tot 2 dogs det 2 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 6 smart nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 smart cop 4 exactly exactly ADV _ 6 smart advmod 5 as as ADP _ 6 smart case 6 smart smart ADJ Degree=Pos root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present all dogs exactly, smart property tree rules
Option 2 Giving a paw is the real test
csubj det obj cop det amod root Giving VERB a DET paw NOUN is AUX the DET real ADJ test NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Giving give VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 test csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 paw det 3 paw paw NOUN Number=Sing 1 Giving obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 test cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 test det 6 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 7 test amod 7 test test NOUN Number=Sing root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give gerund a paw vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paw=Theme 2 is a present Giving the real test tree rules
Option 3 His nan's dog really is smarter, because she does two tricks
nmod:poss nmod:poss case nsubj advmod cop punct mark nsubj advcl nummod obj root His PRON nan NOUN 's PART dog NOUN really ADV is AUX smarter ADJ , PUNCT because SCONJ she PRON does VERB two NUM tricks NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 nan nmod:poss 2 nan nan NOUN Number=Sing 4 dog nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 nan case 4 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 7 smarter nsubj 5 really really ADV _ 7 smarter advmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 smarter cop 7 smarter smart ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 smarter punct 9 because because SCONJ _ 11 does mark 10 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 does nsubj 11 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 smarter advcl 12 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 13 tricks nummod 13 tricks trick NOUN Number=Plur 11 does obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present His nan's dog smart property tree rules 2 do present dog two tricks vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Eventuality
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer Sitting is too common to prove "smartest"
nsubj cop advmod mark advcl punct obj punct root Sitting NOUN is AUX too ADV common ADJ to PART prove VERB " PUNCT smartest ADJ " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sitting sitting NOUN Number=Sing 4 common nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 common cop 3 too too ADV _ 4 common advmod 4 common common ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 to to PART _ 6 prove mark 6 prove prove VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 common advcl 7 " " PUNCT _ 8 smartest punct 8 smartest smart ADJ Degree=Sup 6 prove obj 9 " " PUNCT _ 8 smartest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Sitting common property tree rules 2 prove to-infinitive Sitting not said here smartest vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smart=Theme
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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