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Test 8 · ★ · One counterexample is enough

Mia's friend counts a spider's legs: eight. Why does that settle it?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: friend, that · What happens: count, settle · To what, where: legs, friend

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mia's friend counts a spider's legs: eight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 friend	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Mia	case
3	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 counts	nsubj
4	counts	count	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 spider	det
6	spider	spider	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 legs	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 spider	case
8	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 counts	obj
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 eight	punct
10	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 counts	parataxis
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 counts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	present	Mia's friend	a spider's legs					vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why does that settle it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 settle	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 settle	aux
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 settle	nsubj
4	settle	settle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 settle	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 settle	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	settle	present · do-support	that	friend					vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme it=Location

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Insects always have 6 legs, so a spider isn't one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 have	advmod
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	6	6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 legs	nummod
5	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 one	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	12 one	advmod
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 spider	det
9	spider	spider	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 one	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 one	cop
11	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 one	advmod
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 have	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Insects	6 legs				always property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient
2	not is a	present	a spider	one					tree rules

Option 2

Legs can't tell you anything

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 tell	nsubj
2	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 tell	advmod
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 tell	iobj
6	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 tell	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not tell speech: assert	can	Legs	anything	you				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient anything=Topic

Option 3

Some insects have 8 legs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 insects	det
2	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	8	8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 legs	nummod
5	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	some insects	8 legs					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient

Option 4

Spiders lose legs as they grow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spiders	spider	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lose	nsubj
2	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lose	obj
4	as	as	SCONJ	_	6 grow	mark
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 grow	nsubj
6	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 lose	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	Spiders	legs					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Eventuality
2	grow	present	Spiders = spider						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/t8/