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Test 9 · ★ · One counterexample is enough

Finn's mum, 52, skates past: "Over 50, can't skate, he said. Bye, Finn!" Finn: "OK, that's a vibe, Mum." What changed his mind?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: mum, Finn, that · What happens: skate, not skate, say, be, change, mind · To what, where: vibe, mind · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Finn's mum, 52, skates past: "Over 50, can't skate, he said.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Finn	Finn	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 mum	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Finn	case
3	mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 skates	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 52	punct
5	52	52	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 mum	appos
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 mum	punct
7	skates	skate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	past	past	ADP	_	12 50	case
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 50	punct
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 50	punct
11	Over	over	ADV	_	12 50	advmod
12	50	50	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 skates	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 skate	punct
14	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 skate	aux
15	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 skate	advmod
16	skate	skate	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	7 skates	parataxis
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 said	punct
18	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 said	nsubj
19	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 skate	acl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 skates	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	skate	present	Finn's mum					past 50	tree rules
2	not skate in a quote	can							vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	say speech: assert in a quote	past	Finn						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Bye, Finn!"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bye	bye	INTJ	_	3 Finn	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 Finn	punct
3	Finn	Finn	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 Finn	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 Finn	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 3: Finn: "OK, that's a vibe, Mum."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Finn	Finn	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 vibe	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 vibe	punct
4	OK	ok	INTJ	_	9 vibe	discourse
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 vibe	punct
6	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 vibe	nsubj
7	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 vibe	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 vibe	det
9	vibe	vibe	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Finn	appos
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 Mum	punct
11	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 vibe	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 Mum	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 Mum	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	that	a vibe				Mum nmod	tree rules

Sentence 4: What changed his mind?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 changed	nsubj
2	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 mind	nmod:poss
4	mind	mind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 changed	obj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 changed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	past		Finn's mind					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient
2	mind		Finn						nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

One clear counterexample

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 counterexample	nummod
2	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 counterexample	amod
3	counterexample	counterexample	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

A long argument

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 argument	det
2	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 argument	amod
3	argument	argument	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

Nothing; he's still sure

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 sure	nsubj
4	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 sure	cop
5	still	still	ADV	_	6 sure	advmod
6	sure	sure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Nothing	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	he				still	sure property	tree rules

Option 4

A list of rules

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 list	det
2	list	list	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 rules	case
4	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 list	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	list			rules					nom list «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/t9/