Test 10 · ★ · One counterexample is enough A Scottish gran: "Never rains in summer? Dinnae be daft, hen, it's August and it's chuckin' it doon." What is true?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Scottish gran, Dinnae, gran · What happens: not rain, be · To what, where: August, chuckin
This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: A Scottish gran: "Never rains in summer?
det amod nsubj punct punct advmod case obl punct root A DET Scottish ADJ gran NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT Never ADV rains VERB in ADP summer NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 gran det 2 Scottish Scottish ADJ Degree=Pos 3 gran amod 3 gran gran NOUN Number=Sing 7 rains nsubj 4 : : PUNCT _ 3 gran punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 3 gran punct 6 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 7 rains advmod 7 rains rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 in in ADP _ 9 summer case 9 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 7 rains obl 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 rains punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not rain in a quote present a Scottish gran summer vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Dinnae be daft, hen, it's August and it's chuckin' it doon."
nsubj cop punct vocative punct nsubj cop obl cc nsubj cop conj punct nsubj acl:relcl punct punct root Dinnae X be AUX daft ADJ , PUNCT hen NOUN , PUNCT it PRON 's AUX August PROPN and CCONJ it PRON 's AUX chuckin NOUN ' PUNCT it PRON doon ADV . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dinnae Dinnae X Foreign=Yes 3 daft nsubj 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 daft cop 3 daft daft ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 hen punct 5 hen hen NOUN Number=Sing 3 daft vocative 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 August punct 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 August nsubj 8 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 August cop 9 August August PROPN Number=Sing 3 daft obl 10 and and CCONJ _ 13 chuckin cc 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 chuckin nsubj 12 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 chuckin cop 13 chuckin chuckin NOUN Number=Sing 9 August conj 14 ' ' PUNCT _ 13 chuckin punct 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 doon nsubj 16 doon doon ADV _ 9 August acl:relcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 daft punct 18 " " PUNCT _ 3 daft punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is infinitive Dinnae hen vocative ; daft property tree rules 2 is a present gran August and chuckin tree rules 3 is a present gran chuckin tree rules
Sentence 3: What is true?
nsubj cop punct root What PRON is AUX true ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 true nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 true cop 3 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present true property tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer One rainy summer day breaks "never"
nummod amod compound nsubj punct obj punct root One NUM rainy ADJ summer NOUN day NOUN breaks VERB " PUNCT never ADV " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 day nummod 2 rainy rainy ADJ Degree=Pos 4 day amod 3 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 4 day compound 4 day day NOUN Number=Sing 5 breaks nsubj 5 breaks break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 " " PUNCT _ 7 never punct 7 never never ADV PronType=Neg 5 breaks obj 8 " " PUNCT _ 5 breaks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present One rainy summer day vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer never=Patient
Option 2 It never rains in August, whatever she says
nsubj advmod case obl punct obj nsubj conj root It PRON never ADV rains VERB in ADP August PROPN , PUNCT whatever PRON she PRON says VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 rains nsubj 2 never never ADV PronType=Neg 3 rains advmod 3 rains rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 August case 5 August August PROPN Number=Sing 3 rains obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 says punct 7 whatever whatever PRON PronType=Rel 9 says obj 8 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 says nsubj 9 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 rains conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not rain present It august vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 2 say speech: assert present she whatever vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent whatever=Topic
Option 3 Summer rain doesn't count
compound nsubj aux advmod root Summer NOUN rain NOUN does AUX n't PART count VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 2 rain compound 2 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 5 count nsubj 3 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 count aux 4 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 count advmod 5 count count VERB VerbForm=Inf root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not count present · do-support Summer rain vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
Option 4 It only rains in Scotland
nsubj advmod case nmod root It PRON only ADV rains VERB in ADP Scotland PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 rains nsubj 2 only only ADV _ 3 rains advmod 3 rains rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 Scotland case 5 Scotland Scotland PROPN Number=Sing 3 rains nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain present It Scotland vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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