Test 11 · ★ · One counterexample is enough
The teacher: "Mercury: a metal, and runny. Don't touch it, it's poisonous." Which claim does mercury break?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, teacher, claim · What happens: not touch, be, break · To what, where: teacher
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: The teacher: "Mercury: a metal, and runny.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 teacher | det |
| 2 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 metal | nsubj |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 5 Mercury | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 Mercury | punct |
| 5 | Mercury | Mercury | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 teacher | appos |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 metal | punct |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 metal | det |
| 8 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 runny | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 runny | cc |
| 11 | runny | runny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 metal | conj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 metal | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: Don't touch it, it's poisonous."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 touch | aux |
| 2 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 3 touch | advmod |
| 3 | touch | touch | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 touch | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 poisonous | punct |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 poisonous | nsubj |
| 7 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 poisonous | cop |
| 8 | poisonous | poisonous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 touch | advcl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 touch | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 touch | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not touch | imperative · do-support | you not said here | teacher | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | present | teacher | poisonous property | tree rules |
Sentence 3: Which claim does mercury break?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 2 claim | det |
| 2 | claim | claim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 break | nsubj |
| 3 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 break | aux |
| 4 | mercury | mercury | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 break | compound |
| 5 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 break | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | break | present · do-support | which claim | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
The options
Option 1
"All metals are shiny"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 shiny | punct |
| 2 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 metals | det |
| 3 | metals | metal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 shiny | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 shiny | cop |
| 5 | shiny | shiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 shiny | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | all metals | shiny property | tree rules |
Option 2
"Metals carry electricity"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 carry | punct |
| 2 | Metals | metal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 carry | nsubj |
| 3 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | electricity | electricity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 carry | obj |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 carry | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry in a quote | present | Metals | electricity | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Theme |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
"Metals are found in rocks"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 found | punct |
| 2 | Metals | metal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 found | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 found | aux:pass |
| 4 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 rocks | case |
| 6 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 found | obl |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 found | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find in a quote | present · passive | Metals | rocks | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
"All metals are hard"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 hard | punct |
| 2 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 metals | det |
| 3 | metals | metal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hard | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hard | cop |
| 5 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 hard | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | all metals | hard property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/t11/