Exam question 1 · Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★
It is given that the proposition "if it is Tuesday, swimming takes place" holds, and that no swimming takes place today. Determine what may be concluded.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: proposition, swimming, you · What happens: give, be, take, hold, determine, conclude · To what, where: It, Tuesday, place
This is exam question 1 of lesson 193 «Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that the proposition "if it is Tuesday, swimming takes place" holds, and that no swimming takes place today.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 takes | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 proposition | det |
| 6 | proposition | proposition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 takes | nsubj |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Tuesday | punct |
| 8 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 11 Tuesday | mark |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 Tuesday | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 Tuesday | cop |
| 11 | Tuesday | Tuesday | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 proposition | appos |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 proposition | punct |
| 13 | swimming | swimming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 takes | nsubj |
| 14 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 holds | advcl |
| 15 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 takes | obj |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 takes | punct |
| 17 | holds | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | advcl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 takes | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 takes | cc |
| 20 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 takes | mark |
| 21 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 22 swimming | det |
| 22 | swimming | swimming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 takes | nsubj |
| 23 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | conj |
| 24 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 takes | obj |
| 25 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 takes | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | is a a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | proposition | Tuesday | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | take in a quote | present | the proposition | place | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hold | present | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | take | present | no swimming | place | today | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Determine what may be concluded.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Determine | determine | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 5 concluded | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 concluded | aux |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 concluded | aux:pass |
| 5 | concluded | conclude | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Determine | ccomp |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Determine | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | determine | imperative | you not said here | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | conclude | may · passive | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Today is not Tuesday
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Tuesday | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 Tuesday | cop |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 Tuesday | advmod |
| 4 | Tuesday | Tuesday | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is a | present | Today | Tuesday | tree rules |
Option 2
Today may be Tuesday
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Tuesday | nsubj |
| 2 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 Tuesday | aux |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 4 Tuesday | cop |
| 4 | Tuesday | Tuesday | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | may | Today | Tuesday | tree rules |
Option 3
Nothing may be concluded
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 4 concluded | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 concluded | aux |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 4 concluded | aux:pass |
| 4 | concluded | conclude | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | conclude | may · passive | Nothing | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Option 4
Today is Tuesday
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Tuesday | compound |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 Tuesday | cop |
| 3 | Tuesday | Tuesday | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Today Tuesday | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/e1/