Exam question 3 · Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★

State the proposition which is the negation of "all the children attended".

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, proposition, children · What happens: state, be, attend · To what, where: proposition, negation · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 3 of lesson 193 «Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 proposition	det
3	proposition	proposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 negation	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 negation	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 negation	det
7	negation	negation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 proposition	appos
8	of	of	SCONJ	_	13 attended	mark
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 attended	punct
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 children	det:predet
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 children	det
12	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 attended	nsubj
13	attended	attend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 negation	advcl
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 negation	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here	the proposition	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent proposition=Topic
2	is a	present	the proposition	the negation	tree rules
3	attend in a quote	past	all children		vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

All the children were absent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 children	det:predet
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 children	det
3	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 absent	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 absent	cop
5	absent	absent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	all children					absent property	tree rules

Option 2

Some children attended

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 children	det
2	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	attended	attend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 children	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attend	participle		some children not said here					vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

At least one child did not attend

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	2 least	case
2	least	least	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 one	nmod
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 child	nummod
4	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 attend	nsubj
5	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 attend	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 attend	advmod
7	attend	attend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not attend	past · do-support	one child						vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

No child attended

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 child	det
2	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	attended	attend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 child	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attend	participle		no child not said here					vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/e3/