Exam question 4 · Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★

On an island whose inhabitants either always speak truly or always speak falsely, identify the statement which no inhabitant can make.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: inhabitants, inhabitant · What happens: speak, identify, make · To what, where: island, statement · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 4 of lesson 193 «Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	3 island	case
2	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 island	det
3	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 speak	obl
4	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	5 inhabitants	nmod:poss
5	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 speak	nsubj
6	either	either	CCONJ	_	8 speak	cc:preconj
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	8 speak	advmod
8	speak	speak	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	truly	truly	ADV	_	12 speak	advmod
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 speak	cc
11	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	12 speak	advmod
12	speak	speak	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	8 speak	conj
13	falsely	falsely	ADV	_	12 speak	advmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 identify	punct
15	identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	8 speak	conj
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 statement	det
17	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 identify	obj
18	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 make	obj
19	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	20 inhabitant	det
20	inhabitant	inhabitant	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 make	nsubj
21	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	22 make	aux
22	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 statement	acl:relcl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 speak	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	infinitive	inhabitants		a island	always property	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	speak speech: other	infinitive	inhabitants not said here			always, falsely, truly property	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	identify	infinitive	inhabitants not said here	the statement			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent statement=Theme
4	make	can	no inhabitant	the statement			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset which=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

"You are a liar"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 liar	punct
2	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 liar	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 liar	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 liar	det
5	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 liar	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	You	a liar					tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

"I am a liar"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 liar	punct
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 liar	nsubj
3	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 liar	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 liar	det
5	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 liar	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	I	a liar					tree rules

Option 3

"Snow is white"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 white	punct
2	Snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 white	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 white	cop
4	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 white	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	Snow					white property	tree rules

Option 4

"I speak the truth"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 speak	punct
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 speak	nsubj
3	speak	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 truth	det
5	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 speak	obj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 speak	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other in a quote	present	I	the truth					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/e4/