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Test 3 · ★★★ · Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★

A man on the island grins: "I am a liar." Ellie: "Sus. That's impossible here." Why is she right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: man, I, That, Ellie · What happens: grin, be · To what, where: liar · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 193 «Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A man on the island grins: "I am a liar."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 man	det
2	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grins	nsubj
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 island	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 island	det
5	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 man	nmod
6	grins	grin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 grins	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 liar	punct
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 liar	nsubj
10	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 liar	cop
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 liar	det
12	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grins	ccomp
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 liar	punct
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 liar	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grin	present	a man on the island						vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a in a quote	present	I	a liar					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ellie: "Sus.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ellie	Ellie	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 Sus	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 Sus	punct
4	Sus	sus	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ellie	appos
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ellie	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 3: That's impossible here."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 impossible	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 impossible	cop
3	impossible	impossible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 impossible	advmod
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 impossible	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 impossible	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	That			here		impossible property	tree rules

Sentence 4: Why is she right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 right	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 right	cop
3	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 right	nsubj
4	right	right	ADV	_	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Ellie					right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Only truth-tellers can say it, so he must be one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 tellers	advmod
2	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tellers	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 truth	punct
4	tellers	teller	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 say	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 say	aux
6	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 say	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 one	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	13 one	advmod
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 one	nsubj
11	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 one	aux
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 one	cop
13	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 say	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	can	truth tellers	it					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
2	is a	must	he	one					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Only liars can say it, so he must be one of them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 liars	advmod
2	liars	liar	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 say	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 say	aux
4	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 say	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 one	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	11 one	advmod
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 one	nsubj
9	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 one	aux
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 one	cop
11	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 say	conj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 them	case
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 one	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	can	liars	it					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
2	is a	must	he	one				of liars = liar	tree rules

Option 3

Liars on the island are never allowed to talk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Liars	liar	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 allowed	nsubj:pass
2	on	on	ADP	_	4 island	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 island	det
4	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Liars	nmod
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 allowed	aux:pass
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 allowed	advmod
7	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	to	to	PART	_	9 talk	mark
9	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 allowed	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not allow	present · passive		Liars on the island					vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2	talk not said to happen	to-infinitive	Liars on the island not said here						vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A truth-teller can't say it and a liar can't either

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 teller	det
2	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 teller	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 truth	punct
4	teller	teller	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 say	nsubj
5	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 say	aux
6	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 say	advmod
7	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 say	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 ca	cc
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 liar	det
11	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 ca	nsubj
12	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 say	conj
13	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 ca	advmod
14	either	either	ADV	PronType=Ind	7 say	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not say speech: assert	can	a truth teller	it				either property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/t3/