Test 12 · ★★★ · Clever reasoning about water and matter

Leo says the drops on a cold glass leak through from inside. true?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Leo, drops · What happens: say, leak · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 · ★★★ of lesson 20 «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 drops	det
4	drops	drop	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 leak	nsubj
5	on	on	ADP	_	8 glass	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 glass	det
7	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 glass	amod
8	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drops	nmod
9	leak	leak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
10	through	through	ADV	_	9 leak	advmod
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 inside	case
12	inside	inside	ADV	_	9 leak	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 true	punct
14	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	parataxis
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Leo						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	leak	present	the drops on a cold glass					through property	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from inside=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, cold glass lets water through

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	3 cold	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 glass	amod
4	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lets	nsubj
5	lets	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lets	obj
7	through	through	ADV	_	5 lets	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	present	cold glass	water				through property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme

Option 2

Yes, the drink sweats through tiny holes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 sweats	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 drink	det
4	drink	drink	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sweats	nsubj
5	sweats	sweat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	through	through	ADP	_	8 holes	case
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 holes	amod
8	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sweats	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sweat	present	the drink			tiny holes			vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through hole=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, they come from water vapour in the air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 come	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 come	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 come	nsubj
4	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 vapour	case
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 vapour	compound
7	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 come	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 air	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 air	det
10	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 vapour	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	they			water vapour in the air			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from vapour=Initial_Location

Option 4

No, they come from the ice melting outside

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 come	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 come	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 come	nsubj
4	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 ice	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ice	det
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 come	obl
8	melting	melt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 come	advcl
9	outside	outside	ADV	_	8 melting	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	they			the ice			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from ice=Initial_Location
2	melt	gerund	they not said here					outside property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/t12/