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Test 7 · ★★★ · Clever reasoning about water and matter

Ice cubes float in a glass of water filled exactly to the brim. What happens as they melt?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ice cubes, cubes · What happens: float, fill, happen, melt · To what, where: glass, water

This is test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 20 «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ice cubes float in a glass of water filled exactly to the brim.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cubes	compound
2	cubes	cube	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 float	nsubj
3	float	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 glass	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 glass	det
6	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 float	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 water	case
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 glass	nmod
9	filled	fill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 water	acl
10	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	13 brim	advmod
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 brim	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 brim	det
13	brim	brim	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 filled	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 float	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	present	Ice cubes			a glass of water			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in glass=Trajectory
2	fill	participle		water not said here				to the brim	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What happens as they melt?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 happens	nsubj
2	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	as	as	SCONJ	_	5 melt	mark
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 melt	nsubj
5	melt	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 happens	advcl
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 happens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	melt	present	cubes = cube						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It overflows only if the cubes were big

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 overflows	nsubj
2	overflows	overflow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	8 big	advmod
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	8 big	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cubes	det
6	cubes	cube	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 big	nsubj
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 big	cop
8	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 overflows	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overflow	present	It						tree rules
2	is a condition, not said to happen	past	the cubes					big property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The water level stays about the same and it does not overflow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 level	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 level	compound
3	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stays	nsubj
4	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	about	about	ADP	_	7 same	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 same	det
7	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 stays	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 overflow	cc
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 overflow	nsubj
10	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 overflow	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 overflow	advmod
12	overflow	overflow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 stays	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	present	the water level					about the same	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about same=Location
2	not overflow	present · do-support	level						tree rules

Option 3

It overflows, because the ice turns into more water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 overflows	nsubj
2	overflows	overflow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 turns	punct
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 turns	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ice	det
6	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 turns	nsubj
7	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 overflows	conj
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 water	case
9	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 water	amod
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 turns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overflow	present	It						tree rules
2	turn	present	the ice			more water			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into water=Trajectory

Option 4

The level drops well below the brim

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 level	det
2	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drops	nsubj
3	drops	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 drops	advmod
5	below	below	ADP	_	7 brim	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 brim	det
7	brim	brim	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drops	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drop	present	the level			the brim		well property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme below brim=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/t7/