Exam question 1 · Habitats and adaptations

Which of the following is designated by the term adaptation?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: following · What happens: follow, designate

This is exam question 1 of lesson 27 «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 designated	csubj:pass
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 designated	aux:pass
6	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	10 adaptation	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 adaptation	det
9	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 adaptation	compound
10	adaptation	adaptation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 designated	obl
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 designated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	designate	present · passive	following					by the term adaptation	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The home of a living thing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 home	det
2	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 thing	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 thing	det
5	living	living	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 thing	compound
6	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 home	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A feature that assists a living thing to survive in its habitat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 feature	det
2	feature	feature	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 assists	nsubj
4	assists	assist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 feature	acl:relcl
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 thing	det
6	living	living	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 thing	compound
7	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 assists	obj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 survive	mark
9	survive	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 thing	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 habitat	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 habitat	nmod:poss
12	habitat	habitat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 survive	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assist	present	a feature	a living thing					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Beneficiary
2	survive	to-infinitive	a feature not said here	a living thing not said here		thing's habitat			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in habitat=Location

Option 3

A change that an animal makes deliberately within the course of its lifetime

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 change	det
2	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 makes	obj
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 animal	det
5	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 makes	nsubj
6	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 change	acl:relcl
7	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	6 makes	advmod
8	within	within	ADP	_	10 course	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 course	det
10	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 makes	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 lifetime	case
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 lifetime	nmod:poss
13	lifetime	lifetime	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 course	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	a animal	a change				within the course of animal's lifetime; deliberately property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Product

Option 4

A journey to a more suitable habitat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 journey	det
2	journey	journey	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	7 habitat	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 habitat	det
5	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 suitable	advmod
6	suitable	suitable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 habitat	amod
7	habitat	habitat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 journey	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/27-habitats-and-adaptations/e1/