Test 13 · ★★ · Habitats and adaptations
Leo reckons a giraffe got a long neck by stretching it all its life. right?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Leo, giraffe · What happens: reckon, get, stretch · To what, where: long neck, neck
This is test 13 · ★★ of lesson 27 «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leo | Leo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 reckons | nsubj |
| 2 | reckons | reckon | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 giraffe | det |
| 4 | giraffe | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 got | nsubj |
| 5 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 reckons | ccomp |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 neck | det |
| 7 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 neck | amod |
| 8 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 got | obj |
| 9 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 10 stretching | mark |
| 10 | stretching | stretch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 got | advcl |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 stretching | obj |
| 12 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 life | det:predet |
| 13 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 life | nmod:poss |
| 14 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 stretching | obj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 reckons | punct |
| 16 | right | right | ADV | _ | 2 reckons | advmod |
| 17 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 reckons | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reckon | present | Leo | right property | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | get | past | a giraffe | a long neck | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer neck=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | stretch | gerund | a giraffe not said here | neck | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent it=Patient life=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Yes, and its babies are born with a stretched neck
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 7 born | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 born | punct |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 born | cc |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 babies | nmod:poss |
| 5 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 born | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 born | aux:pass |
| 7 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 neck | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 neck | det |
| 10 | stretched | stretch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 neck | amod |
| 11 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 born | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bear | present · passive | its babies | with a stretched neck | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | stretch | participle | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
No, adaptations develop over many generations
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 develop | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 develop | punct |
| 3 | adaptations | adaptation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 develop | nsubj |
| 4 | develop | develop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | over | over | ADP | _ | 7 generations | case |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 generations | amod |
| 7 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 develop | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | develop | present | adaptations | over many generations | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over generation=Location |
Option 3
No, its neck grows only when it eats leaves
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 grows | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 grows | punct |
| 3 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 neck | nmod:poss |
| 4 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 grows | nsubj |
| 5 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | only | only | ADV | _ | 9 eats | advmod |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 eats | advmod |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 eats | nsubj |
| 9 | eats | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 grows | conj |
| 10 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 eats | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | its neck | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | eat | present | neck | leaves | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |
Option 4
Yes, each giraffe stretches its own neck longer
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 stretches | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 giraffe | det |
| 4 | giraffe | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 stretches | nsubj |
| 5 | stretches | stretch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 neck | nmod:poss |
| 7 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 neck | amod |
| 8 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 stretches | obj |
| 9 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 5 stretches | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stretch | present | each giraffe | giraffe's own neck | long property | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent neck=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/27-habitats-and-adaptations/t13/