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Test 4 · ★★ · Habitats and adaptations

A boy says a giraffe got a long neck by stretching to reach leaves all its life. What is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: boy, giraffe · What happens: say, get, stretch, reach, be · To what, where: long neck, leaves · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 27 «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy says a giraffe got a long neck by stretching to reach leaves all its life.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 giraffe	det
5	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 got	nsubj
6	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 neck	det
8	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 neck	amod
9	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 got	obj
10	by	by	SCONJ	_	11 stretching	mark
11	stretching	stretch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 got	advcl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 reach	mark
13	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 stretching	advcl
14	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 reach	obj
15	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	17 life	det:predet
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 life	nmod:poss
17	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 reach	obj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a boy						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	get	past	a giraffe	a long neck					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer neck=Stimulus
3	stretch	gerund	a giraffe not said here						vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	reach	to-infinitive	a giraffe not said here	leaves					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Beneficiary life=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Long necks developed over many generations

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 necks	amod
2	necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 developed	nsubj
3	developed	develop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	over	over	ADP	_	6 generations	case
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 generations	amod
6	generations	generation	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 developed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	develop	past	Long necks				over many generations		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over generation=Location

Option 2

Necks grow when animals eat a lot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grow	nsubj
2	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	when	when	SCONJ	_	5 eat	mark
4	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 eat	nsubj
5	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 grow	advcl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 lot	det
7	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 eat	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	Necks						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	eat	present	animals	a lot					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient

Option 3

Giraffes were born with short necks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 born	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 born	aux:pass
3	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 necks	case
5	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 necks	amod
6	necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 born	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	past · passive		Giraffes				with short necks	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

He is right, stretching all its life made it longer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 stretching	punct
5	stretching	stretch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 made	csubj
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 life	det:predet
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 life	nmod:poss
8	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stretching	obj
9	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 right	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 made	obj
11	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	9 made	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	stretch	gerund		its life					vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent life=Patient
3	make	past	stretching	life				long property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/27-habitats-and-adaptations/t4/