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Test 5 · ★★ · Habitats and adaptations

A moth is brown and speckled and rests on tree bark. How does this help it?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: moth, this · What happens: be, speckle, rest, help · To what, where: tree bark, moth

This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 27 «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A moth is brown and speckled and rests on tree bark.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 moth	det
2	moth	moth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 brown	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 brown	cop
4	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 speckled	cc
6	speckled	speckle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 brown	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 rests	cc
8	rests	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 brown	conj
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 bark	case
10	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 bark	compound
11	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rests	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 brown	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a moth					brown property	tree rules
2	speckle	participle	a moth not said here						vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
3	rest	present	a moth not said here			tree bark			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bark=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How does this help it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 help	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 help	aux
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 help	nsubj
4	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 help	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present · do-support	this	moth					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It helps the moth find food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 helps	nsubj
2	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 moth	det
4	moth	moth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 helps	obj
5	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 helps	xcomp
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 find	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	It	the moth					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent moth=Beneficiary clause=Theme
2	find	present	the moth not said here	food					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic

Option 2

It makes the moth taste bad

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 moth	det
4	moth	moth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
5	taste	taste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	xcomp
6	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 taste	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It	the moth					tree rules
2	taste	present	the moth not said here					bad property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Birds find it hard to see

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 find	nsubj
2	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 find	obj
4	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 find	xcomp
5	to	to	PART	_	6 see	mark
6	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 hard	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	present	Birds	it				hard property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
2	see	to-infinitive							vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

It keeps the moth warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keeps	nsubj
2	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 moth	det
4	moth	moth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keeps	obj
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 keeps	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	It	the moth				warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/27-habitats-and-adaptations/t5/