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Test 9 · ★★ · Classifying unusual animals

A jellyfish lives in the sea, has no bones and no gills. Is it a fish?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: jellyfish · What happens: live, have, be · To what, where: sea, bones, fish

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 29 «Classifying unusual animals» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A jellyfish lives in the sea, has no bones and no gills.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 jellyfish	det
2	jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lives	nsubj
3	lives	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 sea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sea	det
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lives	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 has	punct
8	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lives	conj
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 bones	det
10	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 has	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 gills	cc
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 gills	det
13	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 bones	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 lives	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	a jellyfish			the sea			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location
2	have	present	a jellyfish not said here	no bones and no gills					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Is it a fish?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fish	cop
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 fish	nsubj
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 fish	det
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 fish	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	jellyfish	a fish					tree rules

The options

Option 1

No, fish cannot sting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 sting	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sting	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 sting	aux
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 sting	advmod
6	sting	sting	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not sting	can	fish						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

No, fish have a backbone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 have	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	nsubj
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 backbone	det
6	backbone	backbone	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	fish	a backbone					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent backbone=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, it lives in the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 lives	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 lives	nsubj
4	lives	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 sea	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sea	det
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lives	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	it			the sea			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location

Option 4

Yes, it can swim

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 swim	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 swim	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 swim	aux
5	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	can	it						vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/29-classifying-unusual-animals/t9/