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Test 1 · The skeleton and muscles

You straighten your arm to reach a book on a shelf. Which muscle is pulling?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: You, muscle · What happens: straighten, reach, pull · To what, where: arm, book, shelf

This is test 1 of lesson 31 «The skeleton and muscles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: You straighten your arm to reach a book on a shelf.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 straighten	nsubj
2	straighten	straighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 arm	nmod:poss
4	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 straighten	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 reach	mark
6	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 straighten	advcl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 book	det
8	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 reach	obj
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 shelf	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 shelf	det
11	shelf	shelf	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 book	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 straighten	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	straighten	present	You	your arm					vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent arm=Patient
2	reach	to-infinitive	You not said here	a book		a shelf			vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent book=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which muscle is pulling?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 muscle	det
2	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pulling	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 pulling	aux
4	pulling	pull	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 pulling	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present · progressive	which muscle						vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

No muscle, the arm falls straight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 muscle	det
2	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 falls	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 muscle	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 arm	det
5	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 falls	nsubj
6	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	straight	straight	ADV	_	6 falls	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present	no muscle					straight property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The biceps, by pushing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 biceps	det
2	biceps	biceps	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 biceps	punct
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	5 pushing	mark
5	pushing	push	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 biceps	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	gerund	the biceps not said here						vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The triceps at the back of the arm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 triceps	det
2	triceps	triceps	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 back	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 back	det
5	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 triceps	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 arm	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 arm	det
8	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 back	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The biceps at the front of the arm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 biceps	det
2	biceps	biceps	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 front	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 front	det
5	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 biceps	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 arm	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 arm	det
8	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 front	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/t1/