Test 2 · The skeleton and muscles
A cyclist wears a helmet. Which bone is the helmet helping to protect?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cyclist, bone, helmet · What happens: wear, be, help, protect · To what, where: helmet
This is test 2 of lesson 31 «The skeleton and muscles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A cyclist wears a helmet.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 cyclist | det |
| 2 | cyclist | cyclist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wears | nsubj |
| 3 | wears | wear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 helmet | det |
| 5 | helmet | helmet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wears | obj |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wears | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wear | present | a cyclist | a helmet | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Which bone is the helmet helping to protect?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 2 bone | det |
| 2 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 helmet | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 helmet | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 helmet | det |
| 5 | helmet | helmet | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | helping | help | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 helmet | acl |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 protect | mark |
| 8 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 helping | xcomp |
| 9 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 helmet | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | which bone | the helmet | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | help | gerund | the helmet not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | protect | to-infinitive | the helmet not said here | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent |
The options
Option 1
The backbone, which guards the heart
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 backbone | det |
| 2 | backbone | backbone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 guards | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 guards | punct |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 guards | nsubj |
| 5 | guards | guard | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 heart | det |
| 7 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 guards | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | guard | present | the backbone | the heart | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Beneficiary |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
The ribs, which guard the lungs
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 ribs | det |
| 2 | ribs | rib | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 guard | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 guard | punct |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 guard | nsubj |
| 5 | guard | guard | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 lungs | det |
| 7 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 guard | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | guard | present | the ribs | the lungs | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Beneficiary |
Option 3
The thigh bone, which holds blood
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 bone | det |
| 2 | thigh | thigh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bone | compound |
| 3 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 holds | punct |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 holds | nsubj |
| 6 | holds | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 bone | acl:relcl |
| 7 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 holds | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | present | the thigh bone | blood | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Theme |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
The skull, which guards the brain
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 skull | det |
| 2 | skull | skull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 guards | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 guards | punct |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 guards | nsubj |
| 5 | guards | guard | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 brain | det |
| 7 | brain | brain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 guards | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | guard | present | the skull | the brain | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Beneficiary |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/t2/