Test 3 · The skeleton and muscles

Which is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be

This is test 3 of lesson 31 «The skeleton and muscles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Bones move by themselves without muscles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 move	nsubj
2	move	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 themselves	case
4	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 move	obl
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 muscles	case
6	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 move	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present	Bones					by Bones = bone; without muscles	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme by themselves=Trajectory

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Muscles work in pairs because each can only pull

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 work	nsubj
2	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 pairs	case
4	pairs	pair	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 work	obl
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 pull	mark
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 pull	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 pull	aux
8	only	only	ADV	_	9 pull	advmod
9	pull	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 work	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	present	Muscles					in pairs	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in pair=Theme
2	pull	can	each						vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

One muscle both bends and straightens a joint

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 muscle	nummod
2	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 straightens	nsubj
3	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	4 bends	det
4	bends	bend	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 muscle	conj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	2 muscle	cc
6	straightens	straighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 joint	det
8	joint	joint	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 straightens	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	straighten	present	One muscle and both bends	a joint					vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent joint=Patient

Option 4

Muscles push bones to straighten them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 push	nsubj
2	push	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 push	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 straighten	mark
5	straighten	straighten	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 push	advcl
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 straighten	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	Muscles	bones					vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme
2	straighten	to-infinitive	Muscles not said here	bones = bone					vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/t3/