Test 12 · The skeleton and muscles

Leo says bones are dead, like rocks inside you. true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Leo, bones · What happens: say, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 of lesson 31 «The skeleton and muscles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 dead	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 dead	cop
5	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	ccomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 rocks	punct
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 rocks	case
8	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 says	parataxis
9	inside	inside	ADP	_	10 you	case
10	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 rocks	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 rocks	punct
12	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	parataxis
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Leo						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	bones					dead property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, bones are dead and only hold you up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 dead	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 dead	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 dead	cop
5	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 hold	cc
7	only	only	ADV	_	8 hold	advmod
8	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 dead	conj
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 hold	obj
10	up	up	ADP	_	8 hold	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	bones					dead property	tree rules
2	hold up	infinitive	bones not said here	you					vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot you=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, bones are alive: they grow, mend and make blood cells

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 alive	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 alive	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 alive	cop
5	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 grow	punct
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 grow	nsubj
8	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 alive	parataxis
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 mend	punct
10	mend	mend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 grow	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 make	cc
12	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 grow	conj
13	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 cells	compound
14	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 make	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	bones		alive property	tree rules
2	grow	present	bones = bone			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	mend	present	bones = bone not said here			tree rules
4	make	present	bones = bone not said here	blood cells		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cell=Product

Option 3

No, bones are made of muscle that has hardened

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 made	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 made	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 made	aux:pass
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 muscle	case
7	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obl
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 hardened	nsubj:pass
9	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 hardened	aux
10	hardened	harden	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 muscle	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		bones				of muscle	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	harden	present · perfect · passive		muscle					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Option 4

Yes, but they come alive when they break

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 come	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 come	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	5 come	cc
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 come	nsubj
5	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 come	xcomp
7	when	when	SCONJ	_	9 break	mark
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 break	nsubj
9	break	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 come	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	they					alive property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	break	present	they						vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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