Exam question 3 · First aid and safety

Identify the principal reason for which one should keep low to the floor in a fire.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, one · What happens: identify, keep · To what, where: principal reason, fire

This is exam question 3 of lesson 39 «First aid and safety» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 keep	obl
7	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 keep	nsubj
8	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 keep	aux
9	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	parataxis
10	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 keep	xcomp
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 floor	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 floor	det
13	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 low	obl
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 fire	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 fire	det
16	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 keep	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	keep	should	one			a fire		for the principal reason; low property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in fire=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Fire does not burn near the floor, only higher up the walls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 burn	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 burn	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 burn	advmod
4	burn	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	near	near	ADP	_	7 floor	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 floor	det
7	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 burn	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 higher	punct
9	only	only	ADV	_	10 higher	advmod
10	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 burn	parataxis
11	up	up	ADP	_	13 walls	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 walls	det
13	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 higher	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not burn	present · do-support	Fire			the floor			vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near floor=Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Smoke rises, and the cleanest air lies near the floor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rises	nsubj
2	rises	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 lies	punct
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 lies	cc
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 air	det
6	cleanest	clean	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 air	amod
7	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 lies	nsubj
8	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 rises	conj
9	near	near	ADP	_	11 floor	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 floor	det
11	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 lies	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rise	present	Smoke						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	lie	present	the cleanest air			the floor			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near floor=Location

Option 3

It is quicker to crawl than to walk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 quicker	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 quicker	cop
3	quicker	quick	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 crawl	mark
5	crawl	crawl	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 quicker	xcomp
6	than	than	SCONJ	_	8 walk	mark
7	to	to	PART	_	8 walk	mark
8	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 quicker	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	It	quick property	tree rules
2	crawl	to-infinitive			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	walk	to-infinitive			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

The floor is cooler than the flames

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 floor	det
2	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cooler	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cooler	cop
4	cooler	cool	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 flames	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 flames	det
7	flames	flame	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cooler	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the floor					than the flames; cool property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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