Exam question 1 · Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics

Identify the principal reason for which respiration and the heartbeat accelerate during exercise.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, respiration · What happens: identify, accelerate · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 1 of lesson 40 «Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 accelerate	obl
7	respiration	respiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 accelerate	nsubj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 heartbeat	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 heartbeat	det
10	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 respiration	conj
11	accelerate	accelerate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	acl:relcl
12	during	during	ADP	_	13 exercise	case
13	exercise	exercise	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 accelerate	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	accelerate	infinitive	respiration and the heartbeat				during exercise	for the principal reason	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

To supply additional oxygen and remove waste

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 supply	mark
2	supply	supply	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	additional	additional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 oxygen	amod
4	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 supply	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 remove	cc
6	remove	remove	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 supply	conj
7	waste	waste	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 remove	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	supply	to-infinitive		additional oxygen					vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Recipient
2	remove	infinitive		waste					vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent waste=Theme

Option 2

To expel water from the body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 expel	mark
2	expel	expel	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 expel	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 body	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 body	det
6	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 expel	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	expel	to-infinitive		water		the body			vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent water=Theme from body=Source

Option 3

To diminish the need for food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 diminish	mark
2	diminish	diminish	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 need	det
4	need	need	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 diminish	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 food	case
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 diminish	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	diminish	to-infinitive		the need				for food	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer need=Patient

Option 4

To reduce the temperature of the muscles while they work

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 reduce	mark
2	reduce	reduce	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 temperature	det
4	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reduce	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 muscles	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 muscles	det
7	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 temperature	nmod
8	while	while	SCONJ	_	10 work	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 work	nsubj
10	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reduce	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	to-infinitive		the temperature of the muscles					vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer temperature=Patient
2	work	present	muscles = muscle						vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/40-body-and-physics-reasoning/e1/