Exam question 2 · Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises shivering?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, shiver

This is exam question 2 of lesson 40 «Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 statements	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 statements	advcl
9	shivering	shiver	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 characterises	xcomp
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 statements	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	accurately property	tree rules
3	shiver	gerund		vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The narrowing of the airways in response to cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 narrowing	det
2	narrowing	narrowing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 airways	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 airways	det
5	airways	airway	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 narrowing	nmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 response	case
7	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 airways	nmod
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 cold	case
9	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 response	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The rapid working of muscles to produce heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 working	det
2	rapid	rapid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 working	amod
3	working	working	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 muscles	case
5	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 working	nmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 produce	mark
7	produce	produce	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 working	csubj
8	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 produce	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	to-infinitive		heat					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Result

Option 3

The cooling of the body by the evaporation of sweat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cooling	det
2	cooling	cooling	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 body	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 body	det
5	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cooling	nmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 evaporation	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 evaporation	det
8	evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cooling	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 sweat	case
10	sweat	sweat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 evaporation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool		the evaporation of sweat	the body					nom cooling «process transitive»: of=patient by=agent
2	evaporate			sweat					nom evaporation «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

A sign that the body has become excessively hot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 sign	det
2	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 become	nsubj
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 body	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 body	det
5	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sign	acl
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 become	aux
7	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	excessively	excessively	ADV	_	9 hot	advmod
9	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 become	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	present · perfect	a sign					hot property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/40-body-and-physics-reasoning/e2/