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Test 4 · ★★★ · Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics

Two children run the same race: one at the seaside, one high in the mountains. Who breathes harder?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Two children · What happens: run, breathe · To what, where: same race

This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 40 «Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Two children run the same race: one at the seaside, one high in the mountains.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 children	nummod
2	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 run	nsubj
3	run	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 race	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 race	amod
6	race	race	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 run	obj
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 one	punct
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 race	appos
9	at	at	ADP	_	11 seaside	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 seaside	det
11	seaside	seaside	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 one	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 one	punct
13	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 one	conj
14	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 one	amod
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 mountains	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 mountains	det
17	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 high	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 run	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	present	Two children	the same race					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme race=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Who breathes harder?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	2 breathes	nsubj
2	breathes	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 breathes	xcomp
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 breathes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present						hard property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

Both exactly the same, wherever they run

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	CCONJ	_	4 same	cc:preconj
2	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	4 same	advmod
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 same	det
4	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 run	punct
6	wherever	wherever	ADV	PronType=Int	8 run	advmod
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 run	nsubj
8	run	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 same	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	present	they					wherever property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The one at the seaside, where air is heavier

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 one	det
2	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 heavier	nsubj
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 seaside	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 seaside	det
5	seaside	seaside	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 one	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 air	punct
7	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	8 air	advmod
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 one	conj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 heavier	cop
10	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the one at the seaside and air					heavy property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The one in the mountains, where each breath has less oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 one	det
2	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 mountains	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 mountains	det
5	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 one	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 has	punct
7	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	10 has	advmod
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 breath	det
9	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 has	nsubj
10	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 one	acl:relcl
11	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 oxygen	amod
12	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	each breath	less oxygen					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Patient

Option 4

The one at the seaside, because sea air has no oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 one	det
2	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 has	nsubj
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 seaside	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 seaside	det
5	seaside	seaside	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 one	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 has	punct
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 has	mark
8	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 air	compound
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 has	nsubj
10	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	12 oxygen	det
12	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the one at the seaside	no oxygen					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/40-body-and-physics-reasoning/t4/