Exam question 1 · Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped

Identify the principal cause of the formation of mountains.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, cause · To what, where: principal cause, formation

This is exam question 1 of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cause	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cause	amod
4	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 formation	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 formation	det
7	formation	formation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cause	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 mountains	case
9	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 formation	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal cause of the formation of mountains					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme
2	cause			the formation of mountains					nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The accumulation of snow upon the summits over many centuries

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 accumulation	det
2	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 snow	case
4	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 accumulation	nmod
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 summits	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 summits	det
7	summits	summit	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 accumulation	nmod
8	over	over	ADP	_	10 centuries	case
9	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 centuries	amod
10	centuries	century	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 accumulation	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accumulate			snow				upon the summits	nom accumulation «process transitive»: of=patient upon=obl

Option 2

The deposit of sand by rivers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 deposit	det
2	deposit	deposit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 sand	case
4	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 deposit	nmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 rivers	case
6	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 deposit	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deposit		rivers	sand					nom deposit «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient by=agent

Option 3

The erosion of valleys by wind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 erosion	det
2	erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 valleys	case
4	valleys	valley	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 erosion	nmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 wind	case
6	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 valleys	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	erode			valleys by wind					nom erosion «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The pressure of the Earth's plates against one another

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pressure	det
2	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 one	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 plates	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Earth	det
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 plates	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 Earth	case
7	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pressure	nmod
8	against	against	ADP	_	9 one	case
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
10	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	9 one	fixed

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	press			the Earth's plates					nom pressure «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/e1/